The SMHI AVHRR & Cloud Type dataset for CNN-I/II & BBC Adam Dybbroe The AVHRR dataset Navigation, Coverage, Re-mapping, Resolution The Cloud Type product.

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Presentation transcript:

The SMHI AVHRR & Cloud Type dataset for CNN-I/II & BBC Adam Dybbroe The AVHRR dataset Navigation, Coverage, Re-mapping, Resolution The Cloud Type product Cloud cover products for model intercomparison Post-processing to lower resolution Mean cloud cover maps Data around sites Comparing Cloud Type to surface observations...or what I would like to do if I had time...

Satellite overpass times CNN-I NOAA14: * NOAA12: x

Satellite overpass times CNN-II NOAA16: o NOAA15: + NOAA14: * NOAA12: x

Satellite overpass times BBC NOAA16: o NOAA15: + NOAA14: * NOAA12: x

Navigation Automatic Navigation Adjustment using ANA (©Météo-France) Applied during CNN-II and BBC NOAA 16 ANA estimates the “true” satellite attitude (yaw-roll-pitch) using: An image deformation model Automatic adjustment on coastal landmarks

Navigation Navigation errors: NOAA 16 CNN-I: Usually around 3- 5 km. Ocassionally up to ~10 km. CNN-II: ~1-2 km BBC: ~1-2 km

Regional domains Resolution CNN-I: 1000 m CNN-II: 1100 m BBC: 1100 m Projection: Aziumthal Equal Area Resampling: Nearest Neighbour

The AVHRR Cloud Type Multispectral dynamic grouped thresholding approach Cloud Mask thresholds derived using RTM simulations of the AVHRR signal assuming cloud free but otherwise similar conditions Separation of opaque and semi- transparent & sub-pixel clouds using IR split-window feature Opaque clouds divided according to the cloud top temperature using NWP short range forecasts.

Mean error and standard deviation - all data (34 months from 1998 to 2001): N= Cloud Type quality Mean error & STDV

Inland Coast Cloud Type quality Inland versus coastal conditions:

Which Cloud types are potentially raining? All cloudfree typesP(rain) < 2.6 % Very low cloudsP(rain) = 2.1 % Low cloudsP(rain) = 5.5 % Medium level cloudsP(rain) = 21.2 % High opaque cloudsP(rain) = 38.9 % Very high opaque cloudsP(rain) = 47.0 % Very thin cirrusP(rain) = 4.9 % Thin cirrusP(rain) = 8.4 % Thick cirrusP(rain) = 11.1 % Cirrus over lower cloudsP(rain) = 16.5 % Fractional cloudsP(rain) = 3.5 % (1 year of collocated BALTRAD data and NOAA 15 AVHRR) Cloud Type quality

Known problems: Misses small cumuli and thin cirrus over land (especially wintertime) Sometimes low clouds at twilight go undetected – especially a problem in situations with a low level temperature inversion Misses arctic low clouds at night in wintertime (ice contamination or big water droplets) Ambiguous separation between thin cirrus and small cumuli and cloud edges: Often small cumulus and edges of water clouds are classified as thin cirrus Thin cirrus over mid-level or low cloud may be mis- classified as mid-level (opaque) cloud Sunglint may be classified as low or very low stratus

BBC: NOAA 15, 4 August 2001, 16:59 UTC Cloud Type RGB: Channel 1,2,4 Cloud Type quality Example:

Cloud Type quality BBC: NOAA 15, 4 August 2001, 16:59 UTC Example:

Cloud Type post-processing - for model validation: Cloud Type – 1.1 km resolution Frequency of cloud type - 11 km resolution Post-processing

Mean Cloudiness CNN-I Mean cloud cover – August, scenes - Average time = 09:46 UTC Total cloud coverIce cloudsWater clouds

Mean Cloudiness CNN-I Mean cloud cover – September, scenes - Average time = 11:40 UTC Total cloud coverIce cloudsWater clouds

Mean Cloudiness CNN-I Morning versus afternoon cloud cover – August, 2000 MorningAfternoon

Mean Cloudiness CNN Mean cloud cover - April, scenes - Average time = 09:19 UTC Total cloud coverIce cloudsWater clouds

Mean Cloudiness CNN Mean cloud cover - May, scenes - Average time = 09:45 UTC Total cloud coverIce cloudsWater clouds

Diurnal cloud cover: Total - May, scenes: UTC - Average = 02:04 UTC Night 122 scenes: UTC - Average = 06:26 UTC MorningAfternoon 104 scenes: UTC - Average = 12:48 UTC Evening 71 scenes: UTC - Average = 16:48 UTC Mean Cloudiness CNN2

Diurnal cloud cover: Water clouds - May, scenes: UTC - Average = 02:04 UTC Night 122 scenes: UTC - Average = 06:26 UTC MorningAfternoon 104 scenes: UTC - Average = 12:48 UTC Evening 71 scenes: UTC - Average = 16:48 UTC Mean Cloudiness CNN2

Diurnal cloud cover: Ice clouds - May, scenes: UTC - Average = 02:04 UTC Night 122 scenes: UTC - Average = 06:26 UTC MorningAfternoon 104 scenes: UTC - Average = 12:48 UTC Evening 71 scenes: UTC - Average = 16:48 UTC Mean Cloudiness CNN2

Diurnal cloud cover: Total - April-May, scenes: UTC - Average = 02:11 UTC Night 216 scenes: UTC - Average = 06:12 UTC MorningAfternoon 207 scenes: UTC - Average = 12:47 UTC Evening 128 scenes: UTC - Average = 16:32 UTC Mean Cloudiness CNN2

Diurnal cloud cover: Total – August, 2001 NightMorningAfternoonEvening 47 scenes: UTC - Average = 02:09 UTC 80 scenes: UTC - Average = 05:35 UTC 57 scenes: UTC - Average = 12:53 UTC 51 scenes: UTC - Average = 16:10 UTC Mean Cloudiness BBC

Diurnal cloud cover: Total – September, 2001 NightMorningAfternoonEvening 48 scenes: UTC - Average = 02:05 UTC 82 scenes: UTC - Average = 05:46 UTC 49 scenes: UTC - Average = 12:53 UTC 40 scenes: UTC - Average = 16:05 UTC Mean Cloudiness BBC

Diurnal cloud cover: Water/Ice clouds – August, 2001 NightMorningAfternoonEvening Mean Cloudiness BBC Water clouds Ice clouds

Cloud Type around sites YYYYMMDD HH MM Total Water Ice Cl-free NoP Mixed Water clouds: Very Low + Low + Medium Fractional (50%) Ice clouds: High + Very high + 4 cirrus classes Mixed phase clouds: Medium + Very thin cirrus + Thin cirrus Fractional (50%)

Frequency of cloud types inside a 20 by 20 pixel box (22kmx22km for BBC&CNN-II) around sites: Cloud Type around sites Around Cabauw, 31/7-5/8, 2001

Cloud Type around sites Frequency of cloud types inside a 5 by 5 pixel box around sites: Cabauw, 31/7- 5/8, 2001

# AVHRR Cloud Type # Cabauw # Column 1: YYYYMMDD # Column 2: HH (hour) # Column 3: MM (minutes) # Column 4: nonproc # Column 5: cloudfree_land # Column 6: cloudfree_sea # Column 7: snowice_land # Column 8: snowice_sea # Column 9: verylow # Column 10: low # Column 11: medium # Column 12: high_opaque # Column 13: veryhigh_opaque # Column 14: verythin_cirrus # Column 15: thin_cirrus # Column 16: thick_cirrus # Column 17: cirrus_above # Column 18: fractional # Column 19: unclass # Column 21->: (ClassN_0,Frequency0),(ClassN_1,Frequency1)... EOH # # # # # # # # # # # # # #

Cloud Type around sites Cabauw 31/7-5/8 5.5x5.5k m 22x22km

BBC – Chilbolton – Diurnal cycle Diurnal variation at sites September August

BBC/August – Chilbolton – Diurnal cycle Water clouds Ice clouds Diurnal variation at sites

BBC/August – Palaiseau – Diurnal cycle Diurnal variation at sites All cloudsWater clouds Ice clouds

Around Cabauw Sea/Coast North of Cabauw Inland South of Cabauw Land versus Sea (coast): Diurnal variation at sites BBC - August 2001

Potential future intercomparison studies Using first of all ground based Radar products (cloud mask): Quantify the “underdetection” of thin cirrus and sub-pixel (small cumulus) clouds over land Quantify the “overlap” or mis-match of fractional and thin cirrus Validate the thin cirrus versus opaque separation Validate the Nowcasting SAF cloud top temperature and height retrieval...