P HYSICAL AND C HEMICAL PROPERTIES OF M ATTER 8 th gr. Physical Science

Properties are used to identify a substance Physical properties are those that can be observed using your five senses, without changing the identity of the substance

P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES Color Shape/Structure- crystalline Size Smell Hardness Freezing point, boiling point and melting point Magnetism- attraction or repulsion to magnets Conductivity- electrical and thermal

M ORE TO EXPLORE … Conductivity- electrical and thermal #1 Luster- #1 Ductile- #2 Malleable- #2 Density- #3 Viscosity- #3 Opacity- #4 Transparency- #4 Solubility- #4

P HYSICAL P ROPERTIES Transparent- a material that allows light to pass through it (you can see through it) Opaque- a material that does not allow light to pass through (you cannot see through it) Solubility- the ability of a substance to dissolve into another or allow other substances to dissolve into it. Density- the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. D= m/v

P HYSICAL PROPERTIES Viscosity- the resistance of a liquid to flow. Honey is more viscous than water. Malleable- ability of a metal to be hammered into a shape or rolled into a thin sheet Ductile- the ability of a metal to be drawn into a wire Conductivity- property of a metal and alloys that allows heat or electricity to pass through them easily. Luster- property of a metal and alloys that allows them to reflect light (SHINY)

C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES Chemical properties: Properties that DO change that chemical nature of matter

C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES Heat of combustion -#1 Flammability- #2 pH- #3 Reactivity- #4 Corrosiveness- #2

C HEMICAL PROPERTIES Heat of combustion- the temperature at which a material will combust or catch fire. Flammability- the tendency of an object to burn (some object burn easily and are highly flammable, some objects do not burn and are not flammable.) Corrosiveness- When a substance reacts with air or water and it breaks down (Rusting and tarnishing are examples)

C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES pH- a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution using a scale that ranges from are acids (orange juice) 7 is neutral (water) are bases (soap) The closer to 0 the more acidic The closer to 14 the more basic aka alkaline Reactivity - the ease and speed at which an element or a compound will combine/react with other elements and compounds.

P HYSICAL C HANGES Physical change takes place when a substance changes size, shape, or state of matter BUT a new substances is NOT formed.

P HYSICAL C HANGES Examples: Paper Rip it Crumple it Shred it Color on it Fold it

C HEMICAL C HANGES Occurs when one or more substances change into a NEW substance

C HEMICAL C HANGES Examples: Burning paper Rusting a nail Rot an apple Eating an apple

I NDICATORS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE Gas is released (bubbles) Heat is released (exothermic) Heat is absorbed (endothermic) Change in odor Change in color

M ORE INDICATORS Light is given off Sound is given off Precipitate forms (When 2 liquids are added together and they form a solid)

H OW TO SEPARATE MATERIALS USING PHYSICAL MEANS : Distillation- #1 Filtration- #2 Magnetism- #3 Density- #4