PARTICLE THEORY What’s matter? EVERYTHING!!!

Big Idea: The particle theory of matter helps to explain the physical characteristics of matter. Demonstration Time:

1. Matter is made up of tiny particles (Atoms & Molecules) 2. Particles of Matter are in constant motion. 3. Particles of Matter are held together by very strong electric forces 4. There are empty spaces between the particles of matter that are very large compared to the particles themselves. 5. Each substance has unique particles that are different from the particles of other substances 6. Temperature affects the speed of the particles. The higher the temperature, the faster the speed of the particles. 6 Principles of Particle Theory

The particle theory of matter explains the following scientific phenomena: 1.Pure substances are homogeneous (one phase - one unique kind of particle) 2. Physical Changes - Melting, Evaporation, Sublimation, Dissolving Characteristic Physical Properties - Density, Viscosity, Electrical & Thermal Conductivity

How to Describe Matter (Qualitative & Quantitative Observations) 1. Physical State: solid, liquid, gas. 2. Colour: green, blue, yellow, black, reddish-brown, etc. 3. Odour: odourless, flowery, spicy, nauseating, etc. 4. Clarity: clear, cloudy, opaque. 5. Luster: shiny, dull. 6. Form: regular (crystalline), irregular (amorphous)

7. Texture: how does it feel? fine, coarse, smooth, waxy, etc. 8. Hardness: can it be scratched easily? scale from 1-10 (e.g. talcum powder-1, diamond-10) 9. Brittleness: can it break apart or shatter easily? brittle or flexible 10. Malleability: can it be bent and folded into different shapes? malleable or non-malleable 11. Ductility: can it be stretched out into a long wire? ductile or non-ductile 12. Viscosity: can the substance flow? viscous or non-viscous