Emotions Unit 8b

8B Unit Plans Emotions Lying Make sure to be able to do the Essentials on your unit map

Emotion vs. Logic Warm Up: A common stereotype is that women are emotional and men are logical. Please express your thoughts and opinions on this topic. Is it true that women are more emotional, or is it true that men and women experience and express emotions differently? Or both?

Smile  Fake or Real Smile? Can you spot the real smile? On a scratch paper, watch each video clip and decide if it is a real or fake smile. When we are done we can see how well you did  http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/surveys/smiles/

Fake or Real Smile? Fake smiles look very similar to genuine smiles, they are actually slightly different, because they are brought about by different muscles, which are controlled by different parts of the brain. Fake smiles can be performed at will- generated from conscious brain Genuine smiles, are generated by the unconscious brain, so are automatic. When people feel pleasure, signals pass through the part of the brain that processes emotion. Lines around the eyes do sometimes appear in intense fake smiles, and the cheeks may bunch up, making it look as if the eyes are contracting and the smile is genuine. Key signs that distinguish fake smiles from real ones. When a smile is genuine, the eye cover fold - the fleshy part of the eye between the eyebrow and the eyelid - moves downwards and the end of the eyebrows dip slightly. The brain signals that create them come from the conscious part of the brain and prompt the zygomaticus major muscles in the cheeks to contract. These are the muscles that pull the corners of the mouth outwards.

Let’s Think About Emotions

How Many Emotions Can You Identify? Take out a scrap sheet of paper Make a list of all of the emotions you can think of in 2 minutes On your mark…get set…go Now group similar emotions into categories

Basic Emotions Primary emotion Secondary emotion Tertiary emotions Love Affection Adoration, affection, love, fondness, liking, attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion, sentimentality Lust Arousal, desire, lust, passion, infatuation Longing Joy Cheerfulness Amusement, bliss, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment, gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria Zest Enthusiasm, zeal, zest, excitement, thrill, exhilaration Contentment Contentment, pleasure Pride Pride, triumph Optimism Eagerness, hope, optimism Enthrallment Enthrallment, rapture Relief

More Basic Emotions Surprise Amazement, surprise, astonishment Anger Irritation Aggravation, irritation, agitation, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness Exasperation Exasperation, frustration Rage Anger, rage, outrage, fury, wrath, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hate, loathing, scorn, spite, vengefulness, dislike, resentment Disgust Disgust, revulsion, contempt Envy Envy, jealousy Torment

More Basic Emotions Sadness Suffering Agony, suffering, hurt, anguish Depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, misery, melancholy Disappointment Dismay, disappointment, displeasure Shame Guilt, shame, regret, remorse Neglect Alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult Sympathy Pity, sympathy Fear Horror Alarm, shock, fear, fright, horror, terror, panic, hysteria, mortification Nervousness Anxiety, nervousness, tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, distress, dread

Facial Expressions Paul Ekman- Powerful way to let others see what we are feeling without speaking 6 basic emotions Happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, fear, contempt

Spot the emotion: Role play Take a card Act out the emotion Class can you guess what the emotion displayed was? Random Calling for volunteers

Theories of Emotion Emotions are a mix of 1) physiological activation, 2) expressive behaviors, and 3) conscious experience.

Theories of Emotion Does your heart pound because you are afraid...or are you afraid because you feel your heart pounding?

Controversy Does physiological arousal precede or follow your emotional experience? Does cognition (thinking) precede emotion (feeling)?

What is Emotion? Emotions- As you watch the short video on emotions, jot down some thoughts or questions you have about emotions?

Common Sense View When you become happy, your heart starts beating faster. First comes conscious awareness, then comes physiological activity. Bob Sacha

James-Lange Theory of Emotion Experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli Fear (emotion) Pounding heart (arousal) Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus)

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) Pounding heart (arousal) Fear (emotion) Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: physiological responses subjective experience of emotion

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion Cognitive label “I’m afraid” Fear (emotion) Sight of oncoming car (perception of stimulus) Pounding heart (arousal) To experience emotion one must: be physically aroused cognitively label the arousal

Embodied Emotion We know that emotions involve bodily responses. Some of these responses are very noticeable (butterflies in our stomach when fear arises), but others are more difficult to discern (neurons activated in the brain).

Emotion and Physiology Autonomic nervous system controls physiological arousal Sympathetic division (arousing) Pupils dilate Decreases Perspires Increases Accelerates Inhibits Secrete stress hormones Parasympathetic division (calming) Pupils contract Dries Slows Activates secretion of stress EYES SALIVATION SKIN RESPIRATION HEART DIGESTION ADRENAL GLANDS

Physiological Similarities Physiological responses related to the emotions of fear, anger, love, and boredom are very similar. OBJECTIVE 4| Name three emotions that involve similar physiological arousal. M. Grecco/ Stock Boston Excitement and fear involve a similar physiological arousal.

Physiological Differences Physical responses, like finger temperature and movement of facial muscles, change during fear, rage, and joy. OBJECTIVE 5| Describe some physiological and brain pattern indicators of specific emotions. More dopamine receptors: nucleus accumbens The amygdala shows differences in activation during the emotions of anger and rage. Activity of the left hemisphere (happy) is different from the right (depressed) for emotions.

Can we change our emotions by changing our thinking? Cognition and Emotion What is the connection between how we think (cognition) and how we feel (emotion)? Can we change our emotions by changing our thinking?

Cognition Can Define Emotion An arousal response to one event spills over into our response to the next event. OBJECTIVE 6| Explain how spillover effect influences our experience of emotion. AP Photo/ Nati Harnik Reuters/ Corbis Arousal from a soccer match can fuel anger, which may lead to rioting.

Cognition and Emotion The brain’s shortcut for emotions Sensory input may be routed directly to the amygdala (via the thalamus) for an instant emotional reaction or to the cortex for analysis Pop Balloon Do this 3 times: Test One- no warning Test Two- give them direct warning “I am going to pop the balloon” After- Ask students how their preparation in each instance changed their “Subception” of the event Test Three- Emphasize how painful it is to hear a balloon pop; dramatize the word pain as much as possible