SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Major Geographic Qualities A plateau continent that is physiographically unique Comprised of dozens of nations and hundreds of ethnic groups A realm of people dependent on farming for their livelihood State boundaries represent colonial legacies Dislocated peoples and refugees Raw materials and resource potential Largest refugee population worldwide
Africa’s Physiography
Rift Valley in Kenya A. WinklerPrins
Plate Boundaries
Climate
Medical Geography Millions suffer from: – Malaria – Yellow Fever – AIDS
Medical Geography Endemic - Exists in equilibrium with the population - Many develop an immunity of sorts - Saps energy, lowers resistance, shortens lives Epidemic - Sudden outbreak at local, regional scale Pandemic - Worldwide spread
A global view of HIV infection in 2007 SOURCE: WHO/UNAIDS
What can be done about AIDS in SSA? Awareness and acceptance of the problem Political will Lowering of cost of drugs A. WinklerPrins
Importance of Farming in SS Africa Still main livelihood for the majority Mostly subsistence Vulnerable to famine Green revolution by-passed this realm
Early Kingdoms
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Colonialism European colonial objectives –Supply ports along the West African coast –A water route to South Asia and Southeast Asia –1500’s- looking for resources; Slaves –1850- industrial revolution occurs in Europe Increased demand for mineral resources Need to expand agricultural production
Berlin Conference 1884 European states divided up Africa without consideration of indigenous cultures Results of superimposed boundaries: –African peoples: divided –Unified regions: ripped apart –Hostile societies: thrown together –Migration routes: closed off When independence returned to Africa after 1950, the realm had already acquired a legacy of political fragmentation.
Independent states in Africa
The Legacy Several hundred languages are spoken Antagonism between tribes (e.g., Rwanda) Low level of development is linked to colonization Poor Infrastructure High Poverty levels Low Standard of Living
Cultural Patterns Population distribution Urbanization African languages –Lingua franca –Multilingualism Religions –Christianity –Islam –Tribal religions
Languages of Africa
Population Distribution
Urban Africa This is not an urban realm with relatively low overall urbanization (34%) changing rapidly as rate of urbanization is high City living is harsh –informal sector