עיבוד מקבילי - מושגים ונושאים שכיסינו בקורס עד - כה המידע ניתן כאן כחלק מההכנה הנדרשת למבחן בקורס " מבוא לעיבוד מקבילי ". אין באמור במסמך זה להצביע על.

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Presentation transcript:

עיבוד מקבילי - מושגים ונושאים שכיסינו בקורס עד - כה המידע ניתן כאן כחלק מההכנה הנדרשת למבחן בקורס " מבוא לעיבוד מקבילי ". אין באמור במסמך זה להצביע על נושא מסוים שישאל בבוחן ואין הנאמר כאן מכסה את כל החומר העשוי להיכלל במבחן

היקף כל המפגשים שהתקיימו יש לעבור על כל החומר שהוצג ותורגל לרבות מה שמפורסם באתר הקורס, מה שנאמר בכיתה ובמעבדה, תרגילי הבית וחומר הקריאה המומלץ

מושגים מושגי יסוד חוק פלין – טקסונומיה גוסטפסון מתי משתמשים בחישוב מקבילי יעילות מיקבול האצה חוק אמדהל איזון עומסים חישוב ענן (BGU) טופולוגיות רשת עצי חלוקה חישוב בעזרת מסרים חישוב בזיכרון משותף MPI OpenMP Condor Deadlock פרמטרים להערכת רשתות תקשורת

HTC Grid Computing Cloud Computing MPMD/SPMD Point-to-Point comm. Collective commands Send/recv communicator Master-Worker Domain Decomposition Profiling יחס זמן חישוב / תקשורת מבחני ביצועים צווארי בקבוק חומרות נפוצות Top500 HPC

Synchronous commands Immediate commands (Non)Blocking commands מנדלברוט עיבוד תמונה בסיסי מונטה - קרלו הקצאת משימות סטטית / דינאמית Broadcast Reduce Scatter Gather All-to-All Wtime Comm_size Comm_rank Barrier All Gather

Forall Data parallel Jacobi Iterations Network bandwidth &Latency Block and Strip partitions Ghost Points Code Safety Partitioning Divide-and-Conquer N-body problem Bucket sort אינטגרציה נומרית מקבילית Barnes-Hut Algorithm Synchronous Computations

OpenMP Atomic Parallel regions Race condition Nowait – SHARED – PRIVATE – FIRSTPRIVATE – LASTPRIVATE FORK-JOIN Thread-Safe Locks Critical Section OpenMP sections Work Sharing OpenMP Reduction OpenMP critical OpenMP Barrier

Gauss Elimination Gauss-Seidel Relaxation Red-Black Ordering Cilk principles MatlabMPI Parallel FFT Introduction to GPU Computing (BGU) Introduction to Grid Computing Load Balancing Termination Detection Static/Dynamic load balancing Centralized/De Centralized load balancing Cilk keywords Strands and Knots Parallelization Critical Path

OpenMP summary - I ClauseDescription firstprivateSpecifies that each thread should have its own instance of a variable, and that the variable should be initialized with the value of the variable, because it exists before the parallel construct. lastprivateSpecifies that the enclosing context's version of the variable is set equal to the private version of whichever thread executes the final iteration (for-loop construct) or last section (#pragma sections). nowaitOverrides the barrier implicit in a directive. orderedRequired on a parallel for (OpenMP) statement if an ordered (OpenMP Directives) directive is to be used in the loop.for (OpenMP)ordered (OpenMP Directives) private Specifies that each thread should have its own instance of a variable. reductionSpecifies that one or more variables that are private to each thread are the subject of a reduction operation at the end of the parallel region. scheduleApplies to the for (OpenMP) directive.for (OpenMP)

OpenMP summary - II DirectiveDescription atomicSpecifies that a memory location that will be updated atomically. barrierSynchronizes all threads in a team; all threads pause at the barrier, until all threads execute the barrier. criticalSpecifies that code is only executed on one thread at a time. flush (OpenMP)Specifies that all threads have the same view of memory for all shared objects. for (OpenMP)Causes the work done in a for loop inside a parallel region to be divided among threads. masterSpecifies that only the master threadshould execute a section of the program. ordered (OpenMP Directives)Specifies that code under a parallelized for loop should be executed like a sequential loop. parallelDefines a parallel region, which is code that will be executed by multiple threads in parallel. sections (OpenMP)Identifies code sections to be divided among all threads. singleLets you specify that a section of code should be executed on a single thread, not necessarily the master thread. threadprivateSpecifies that a variable is private to a thread.

מה עוד... משוואת החום תכניות לדוגמה של חישובי PI ב MPI וב OPENMP Game of Life Cellular Automata Iterative Methods Laplace’s Equation Finite Difference Method Hybrid MPI+OpenMP פקודות לינוקס בסיסיות ניתוח תכניות מחשב –מה התכנית עושה ? –איזה קונספט היא מבטאת –היכן צווארי הבקבוק –מיקבול של לולאות מה עושה קונדור ? Matrix multiplication Solving a system of linear equations

Embarrassingly Parallel Computations Partitioning and Divide-and-Conquer Strategies Pipelined Computations Synchronous Computations Asynchronous Computations Strategies that achieve load balancing Parallel Techniques 3.1 ITCS 4/5145 Cluster Computing, UNC-Charlotte, B. Wilkinson, 2007.