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Muslim Expansion into India Dehli Sultans, Mongol Invasions, and the Mughal Empire

Empires of South Asia  During the period between about 300 BC and 1700 AD, many different rulers were able to unite parts of northern and southern India.  Also during that period, the subcontinent was invaded by several different groups that left an impression on the people of south Asia.

Empires of South Asia  Maurya Empire (321 BC) Chandragupta – first to unite N. India Asoka – harsh ruler at first; brings Maurya to height of power –Change of heart; converts to Buddhism –Spreads Buddhism throughout empire and elsewhere  Gupta Empire (AD 320) Chandragupta I – rules over “Golden Age” in Indian history –Advances in art, literature, mathematics –Concept of zero, “Arabic” numerals **One of India’s greatest leaders

Muslim Expansion into India  As the Gupta empire declines, Islam expands after its founding in the 600’s Invaders from the west, north attack India’s cities  Over time, Muslims push the borders of their empire deeper into south Asia In 1200’s, a strong Muslim leader named Mohammed Ghori conquers the capital city of Dehli and establishes the Delhi sultanate

Delhi Sultanate ( دلی سلطنت )  Refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India (1210–1526) Founded after Muhammad of Ghor defeated Prithvi Raj (an Indian king) and captured Delhi in Muhammad of GhorPrithvi Raj

A Clash of Beliefs  Muslims and Hindus did not accept each others’ beliefs Conflict was frequent during this period Muslims often destroyed Hindu holy places and statues  Muslim rulers did not force Hindus to convert But they had to pay a non-believer tax  Areas of difference? One God vs. Many Equality vs. caste system Koran vs. Vedas, other texts Cattle: Food vs. sacred

The Mongol Invasions  Mongols – Central Asian groups who invaded northern India after the decline of the sultanate  Tamerlane : Mongol ruler in 1398 destroys Delhi Kills or enslaves the entire population Leaves to conquer other lands  Babur : grandson of Tamerlane In 1526, returns to set up the Mughal empire

The Mughal Empire  Founded by Babur in 1526; lasts for more than 300 years At its height, united most of the people of south Asia  Under the Mughals, some cooperation and blending of Muslim/Hindu culture occurred Urdu – language mixing Persian and Hindi, written in Arabic

Key Ruler of the Mughal Empire Akbar (1556 – 1605)  Leader during “Golden Age” of Mughal empire  Religious toleration … Met regularly with other religious leaders Tries to create a new religion by combining the diverse faiths of the region – the “Divine Faith” Ends the destruction of Hindu holy places Marries a Hindu princess; appoints Hindus to places in government

Put these empires in the order in which they ruled/invaded India  Gupta  Mughal  Mongol  Muslim  Maurya

Review Place the leaders under the correct empire they ruled under  Akbar  Chandragupta  Shah Jahan  Asoka  Babur  Gupta  Maurya  Mughals

Identify two key differences between Muslims and Hindus…

Put these empires in the order in which they ruled/invaded India  Maurya – 300BC – 0AD  Gupta – 300AD – 1200AD  Muslim (the sultanate)– AD  Mongol invasion – 1400AD  Mughal – 1500AD

Review Place the leaders under the correct empire they ruled under  Gupta Chandragupta I  Maurya Chandragupta Asoka  Mughals Babur Shah Jahan Akbar

Identify two key differences between Muslims and Hindus…  One God vs. Many  Equality vs. caste system  Koran vs. Vedas, other texts  Cattle: Food vs. sacred

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