The Family Family is center of society More important than the individual or nation 1 st responsibility is always to the family Household Can have up to 5 generations Included extended family Rich-lived in large house Most Poor-farming villages-1 room cottages

The Family Power & privilege in the family Belonged to oldest male He decided marriages Punished family members When he died, power divided among sons Family Names First people to use 2 names Individual name and family name Family name comes first Emphasizes importance of family

Heaven grants a ruler the right to rule Mandate based on rulers ability to govern well and fairly Could only rule so long as they were good and just rulers Mandate could be taken away and given to another family Ruler becomes selfish Ruler becomes corrupt Natural disasters happen Mandate would be taken away Rebellion happens If successful, it shows the Mandate was moved Heaven bestows its mandate on a just ruler, so long as he remains so.

Xia (Hsia) Dynasty 10,000-5,000 BCE China’s first political dynasty Founded by the Xi clan “Great Engineer” Yu founder No written records Settled along the Yellow River

Shang Dynasty BCE Zhou Dynasty BCE Cities Surrounded by walls Society divided between rulers, priests, warriors, merchants/craftsmen, and peasants Major Developments Built roads and canals Began using bronze Developed literature, studied astronomy, and created art, First writing system. China’s first organized armies Chopsticks invented Religion Ancestor worship Practiced human sacrifice Shang Zhou

Founded by Qin Shihuangdi 1 st man to control all of China Established Bureaucracy Legalist society Standardized government Laws applied to all people Built roads, canals, bridges, worked on the Great Wall, created terra cotta soldiers Used censorship/Suppression of information and public speech. Burned books and cut education Qin Dynasty BCE Qin

Han a peasant who led revolt and became Emperor Silk Road began Trade route from China to the West Exchange of goods and ideas Scientific Progress Invented acupuncture, paper, and a seismograph Tombs Buried with stuff for next world (clothes, food, money) Public Schools Boys only Education Key to good government Civil Service Exam: test to work for government Religion Buddhism introduced from India Christianity introduced from the west Han Han Dynasty 200 BCE-200 CE

CE Period of War and many rulers Tang Dynasty “Golden Age” of China China very prosperous China reunited under Li family High positions open to all, just had to take a exam Arts flourished w/people coming from India and Korea to study. Chang’an Capital City established Tang Tang Dynasty CE

Song Dynasty CE China’s “Age of Invention” Created Standing Navy Used to fight pirates Gun powder first used Invented magnetic compass Seismograph Rice and Tea become popular Capital Hangzhou largest city in world at time Marco Polo in China Fascinated with Song Rainbow Bridge, wouldn’t was away. Song

Ming Dynasty CE Time of adventure and travel Wealthy traders Brought back treasures from Korea and Japan Folding fan Exported art works and porcelain all over world. (Vases at Biltmore) Finished Great Wall Forbidden City built (Beijing) 980 buildings on 180 acres Worlds largest palace complex 1m workers built over 14 years Ming Capital Ming

Mongols Nomads from Asian Steppe Traders and herdsman Small groups, very poor, lead by chiefs (Khans) 1162 Temuchin born 1206 becomes sole leader of Mongols Given title of Genghis Khan, The Khan of Khans Mongols become warrior people Conquer almost all of Asia Mongols