Islamic Empires Chapter 2 Section 2 pgs. 181 - 189

Bell Work 09/21/07 1) Use your textbook to define the following words: Caliph Shiite Sunni sultan 2) Copy the main ideas: Arabs spread Islam through teaching, conquest & trade While Muslims split into 2 groups, the Arab Empire reached new heights Turks & Moguls built Muslim empires in Asia, Africa & Europe

Quiz Corrections 1) A oasis – green area fed by underground water 2) B Quran – the holy book of Islam 3) E Muhammad – prophet & founder of Islam 4) D Madinah – “city of the prophet” 5) C Kaaba – low square building surrounded by statues 6) Early Arab organized into tribes 7) Largest & richest Arab trade city – Makkah or Mecca 8) Islam – “surrendering to the will of Allah” 9) Islamic state – gov’t that uses power to uphold religion of Islam 10) Belief in one god/same god

Read the passage to the left. Copy the question and all the answers Read the passage to the left. Copy the question and all the answers. Then choose the best answer. Bell Work #21, 09/20/07

Section 2 TIMELINE The First Four Caliphs 632-661 Capital City: Madinah Conquests: Syria, Egypt, Persia, Southwest Asia Most important ruler: Ali, Achievements: Spread Islam, organized Navy, built roads, improved government The First Four Caliphs 632-661

Umayyad Caliphs 661 - 750 Capital City: Damascus Conquests: India, Afghanistan Achievements: Explored North Africa Umayyad Caliphs 661 - 750

Abbasid Caliphs 750 - 1258 How they came to power: Persian Muslims rebelled & kicked out the Umayyads Capital City: Baghdad Most Important Ruler: Abu al-Abbas Achievements: trade, education, arts, literature, brought Persian influence to capital Abbasid Caliphs 750 - 1258

Why did the Muslims spilt into 2 groups? After Muhammad’s death, different groups had different ideas about who should rule the religion of Islam Sunnis – outnumbered the Shiites & believed that the Umayyad dynasty were the rightful rulers. Shiites – believed that Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, should rule & that all future caliphs should be descended from Ali.

Why is Muslim Spain important? Muslims carried their religion, culture & language as the Arab empire expanded. Cities such as Cordoba, Spain became centers of Muslim culture. Muslims in Spain influenced many philosophers from Christianity & Judaism during the Middle Ages

Who were the Sufis? A group of Muslims who spread Islam by preaching They spent their time praying & preaching The Sufis won a lot of followers throughout the Arab Empire

What is a janissary? Slaves soldiers who were loyal only to their sultan. The salves were usually conquered Christians or Jews who became Muslim Ottoman sultan created janissary armies to help maintain power over nobles & other rebellious groups

Seljuk Turks 1000s - 1258 How they came to power: Hired as soliders; took power from Abbasids Capital City: Baghdad Conquests: Achievements: ruled for over 200 years Sultan – Seljuk ruler “holder of power” Seljuk Turks 1000s - 1258

Ottoman Empire 1200s – 1900s Where did they come from: Turkey Capital City: Istanbul Conquests: Syria, Egypt, Palestein, North Africa Greatest Ruler: Sulieman I Ottoman Empire 1200s – 1900s

Moguls 1500s – 1800s Where did they come from: India Capital City: Delhi Conquests: Greatest Ruler: Akbar Mogul merchants brought paper, gunpowder & porcelain from China to India & throughout the Arab Empire Moguls 1500s – 1800s

THINGS TO KNOW FOR THE QUIZ Janissary (pg 188) Slaves soldiers who were loyal only to the sultan Capital of the Abbasids Baghdad Sultan Holder of power; Seljuk leader Sufis pg 184 Taught Islam & spent time praying Caliph