Industrial Revolution Unit 6

The Transformation of the Written Word LEQ: How is an economic revolution different from a political revolution? Drill: Identify a form of technology that has made your daily life easier. How would your daily activities be different without this technology? The Transformation of the Written Word

Industrial Revolution A revolution is a drastic change what is different from rev. to rev. is what changes. Industrial Revolution was a shift from human and animal labor to machinery, factories, and new sources of energy (steam, coal, oil, etc.) A period of accelerated technological development that shaped the nature of production, work, and everyday life. 1750 - 1800s in many countries such as Great Britain, France and the United States The invention of many new machines created a surge in the mass production of goods This ignited a period of rapid social and economic change starting in Britain and later spreading through Europe and to North America

Factors of an Industrial Revolution Economic – how meet needs & wants; jobs, trade, $$ Social – the society; the population Political – government Geographic – environment; available natural resources; location

LEQ: How did E.S.P.G. causes spark the Industrial Revolution in England? Drill: How did improvements in farming technology effect society?

Economic Causes Colonialism: provided raw materials to be transformed into manufactured goods and then exported Adam Smith: wrote The Wealth of Nations; believed a free market would benefit everyone by producing the most goods with the fewest resources; contributed to support of capitalism free market economy - prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses (govt. stays out of business; Laissez Faire) capitalism - an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

Social Causes Agricultural Revolution: began 1600s; a change in traditional ways of farming and in the lifestyle of the farmer; crop rotation system – rotate crops each season = more crops and more cattle = more food improved technology: seed drill, iron plow, mechanical reapers and threshers = more production Population Boom: better diets and health = growth in population; new farming tech. meant there was less demand for workers on farms = migration to cities = larger urban workforce

Political Causes Enclosure Acts: “Enclosure” refers to the consolidation of land, usually for the stated purpose of making it more productive. The British Enclosure Acts removed the prior rights of local people to rural land; the lands were then consolidated into individual, privately owned, and large

Geographic Causes Raw Materials: Coal to power steam engines, iron ore for machinery, imports from colonies Infrastructure: water ways; developed cities; railway steam locomotive; durable, smoother, and less muddy roads infrastructure - the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise

LEQ: How did E.S.P.G. causes spark the Industrial Revolution in England? Drill: What did James Watt contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

LEQ: How did the factory system transform industry and society? Drill: How did George Stephenson contribute to the Industrial Revolution? George Stephenson, the “father of railways” was an English civil engineer; he built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use steam locomotives

Pop Quiz How did the Agricultural Revolution help set the stage for the Industrial Revolution? What kind of economy did Adam Smith advocate for A) mercantilism B) free market C) communism Law passed by the British government that turned large public lands into privately owned farm land A) Enclosure Act B) Resettlement Act C) Reallocation Act

The Domestic System Refers to the time when the manufacture of products was done at home and on a small scale and known as the domestic system Pros: work at own pace, better treatment, good working conditions, meal and work breaks, high-quality goods Cons: slow, laborious, supply could not keep up with demand

The Factory System Brought workers and machines together in one place to manufacture goods Machines were powered by water and steam engines New methods of production within the factories like interchangeable parts and the assembly line improved worker productivity To meet the demand of the growing population manufactures introduced mass production = turning out large quantities of identical goods

LEQ: How did the factory system transform industry and society? Drill: How did Samuel Morse contribute to the Industrial Revolution? Samuel Morse developed an electric telegraph in 837. In 1838 he developed the Morse Code

LEQ: How did the factory system transform industry and society? Drill: The year is 1830 and you are 15. You live in London with your family. You are one of five children. To help your family you work in a textile mill. Describe your day.

Cities and Working Conditions Factories: Working Conditions Overpopulated = crowded Dirty & unsanitary Poor housing Disease 10-16 hour work days 6 days a week Low wages Unsafe No benefits Women and children work Mankind: The Story of All of Us; Episode 10-12 Revolutions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_t-kvt--yc&list=PLX3p9-CRQW_epSmzxq21cFCRIrnZUtOHI&index=23 16:10 – 28:35 London, cholera, and sewage systems

LEQ: What is the global impact of industrialization? Drill: Brainstorm: What advantages might an industrialized country have over a non-industrialized country?

Impact of Industrialization Rise in Global Inequality: Shifted world power Increased competition between industrialized and less-developed nations Widened the wealth gap between nations Great Britain led in exploitation and other nations followed = imperialism

Impact of Industrialization Transformation of Society: Improvements in agriculture, transportation, and communication changed how people lived Western Europe and U.S. had economic power Long life expectancy Development of a middle class, more opportunity for education, and democratic participation = social reform