Seismic Retrofit of Bridges & Disaster Management System September 2005 In Kim Road Environment Division, Road Bureau Ministry of Construction & Transportation September 2005 In Kim Road Environment Division, Road Bureau Ministry of Construction & Transportation

Seismic Retrofit of Bridges Disaster Response System 2. Contents 1) Bridges Classification 2) Construction Period 3) Recent Earthquake in KOREA (M>4.0) 4) Analysis of Bridge Damages from Earthquake 5) Retrofit Strategy 6) Retrofit Method 1) General Classification of Disaster 2) Disaster Response Organization of Korea 3) Workflow of Damage Assessment and Recovery Planning 4) Disaster Response Organization of MOCT 5) Workflow of Road Damage Recovery 6) Strategy for Reducing Disaster Damage

22,159 bridges in Korea as of December 2004 By roads By superstructure types 1) Bridges Classification 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

2) Construction Periods 53% of the bridges were built within the past 10 years with the country ’ s economy growth 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

3) Recent earthquakes in Korea measuring 4.0 or higher on the Richter scale 3) Recent earthquakes in Korea measuring 4.0 or higher on the Richter scale 35 earthquakes since 1978 ㆍ Oct. 7, 1978 in Hongseong (M=5.0) ㆍ Occurrences of earthquakes since 1978 Magnitude 4.0≤M<5.0 : 30 Magnitude 5.0≤M<6.0 : 5 ㆍ There were partial building damages but no bridge damages from the earthquakes ㆍ Dec. 13, 1996 in Youngweol (M=4.5) 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

4) Analysis of Bridges Damages from Earthquakes EARTHQUAKE ㆍAbutment Movement ㆍFoundation Collapse ㆍLiquefaction ㆍSettlement ㆍSlope Sliding ㆍInsufficient Support Length ㆍShort of Ductility of PIER ㆍPIER Collapse ㆍUnseating 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

5) Retrofit Strategy ① Seismic Design Specification ㆍSeismic design specification was introduced for the first time in 1992 when it was integrated into the Korean Bridge Design Code ㆍAll new bridges built after 1999 are required to meet the seismic design specifications ② Seismic Retrofit of Existing Bridges ㆍ Ductility of concrete columns enhanced ㆍ Seismic Isolation or energy dissipation equipment/apparatus installed 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

6) Retrofit Methods - Bearing Replacement -Isolations (LRB, Damper) ① Elastomeric Pads, isolations 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

- Shear Key ② Bearing Retrofit 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

- Steel Jacketing - Fiber wrapping ③ Column Retrofit 1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

Man-Made Disasters - Disasters caused by human activities (Fires, collapses, explosions, traffic accidents, environmental pollution, chemical/biological/radiological incidents, etc.) Natural Disasters - Disasters caused by natural phenomena (Typhoons, floods, heavy rainfalls, storms, tidal waves, heavy snowfalls, droughts, earthquakes, sand dust clouds, red tides, etc.) Infrastrucutral Disasters - Disasters caused by paralysis of key infrastructures (Energy, communication, transportation, finance, medical, water, etc.) - Propagation of infectious diseases, etc. 1) General Classification of Disasters 2 Disaster Response System

Central Safety Management Committee (Chair: Prime Minister) Adjustments Committee (Minister of MOGAHA) Central Emergency Rescue and Control Center (NEMA) Central Incident Management Headquarters (MOFAT) ※ Strengthening cooperation with related Ministries Emergency Rescue and Control Centers (cities, provinces) Emergency Rescue and Control Centers (cities,countries, districts) 2) Disaster Response Organization Central Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters (MOGAHA) Overseas Disaster Response & Support Center Central Incident Management Center Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters (cities, provinces) Local Safety Management Committees (cities, counties, districts) Local Safety Management Committees (cities, provinces) MOFAT : Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade MOGAHA : Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs NEMA : National Emergency Management Agency Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters (cities, counties, districts) 2 Disaster Response System

Disaster Occurrence City/County/District Countermeasures Headquarters City/Province Countermeasures Headquarters Central Countermeasures Headquarters Damage Assessment Confirmation of Recovery Plan Notification of Confirmed Recovery Plan and Request for Budget Budget Compilation (Local Government) Execution of Recovery Plan Establishing Recovery Plan  Preliminary Actions (Evacuation, etc.)  Response Action (Rescuing and assisting victims, providing emergency medical services, preventing epidemics, etc.)  Disaster Status Report  Aggregate damages of affected areas  Support emergency rescue activities  Supervise nationwide disaster statuses  Support emergency rescue activities  Aggregating damage assessments  Formulating countermeasures Regulations on Distribution of Disaster & Recovery Costs Approval of President Deliberation of the Cabinet Council  Dispatching Central Investigation Team (Large Damaged Areas or Structures)  Estimating Damages by Local Government (Small Damaged Areas or Structures) Related Ministries and Offices Preliminary consultations with Ministry of Planning and Budget Budget Allocation Establishing the Recovery Budget Plan (Ministry of Planning and Budget) 3) Damage Assessment & Recovery Planning Flowchart 2 Disaster Response System

Assistant Minister in Charge Minister Vice Minster Assistant Minister Road Response Team River Response Team Earthquake Response Team Surface Transportation Team Building & Housing Team Air Transportation Team Responsible divisions under each team Road : Road Environment Division (floods) River :  Rivers : River Management Division  Dam, Metropolitan & Industrial Water Supply : Water Resources Development Division Earthquake : Safety Policy Division Surface Transportation : Transportation Policy Division  Railroads : Railroad Policy Division  Subways : Urban Railroad Division  Express Buses : Transportation Industry Policy Div. Building & Housing : Housing Welfare Division Air Transportation : Air Transport Policy Division 4) Disaster Response System at MOCT 2 Disaster Response System

Incident Occurrence Receipt Recovery Reporting Road Patrol Field Investigation Damage Scale No action taken Highway Maintenance Service Serious Local Police Station Request traffic control Formulate Recovery Plan Highway Maintenance Service Light No Yes Highway Maintenance Service Regional Construction Management Office Local Government MOGAHA Central Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarter 2 nd Field Investigation (Request necessary equipment and manpower MOCT Road Environment Div. 5) Flowchart of disaster response system for road damages Damage status reported Incident called in Temporary Recovery? 2 Disaster Response System

Recommendations for reducing damages - Carry out strict inspection and maintenance of vulnerable areas in advance - Establish prompt response system by conducting disaster drills, etc. - Reinforce/improve design standards so that roads can better withstand disasters Build support system using resources of unaffected nearby areas - Establish a mutual assistance system for neighboring areas to enable unaffected areas to promptly come to the rescue and assistance of damaged areas using their resources such as emergency equipment and human resources Plan in advance for detour routes to ensure access to and from areas struck by disasters 6) Damage Reduction Strategies 2 Disaster Response System