Vancouver Seattle Tacoma Oakland Los Angeles Long Beach Houston New York/ New Jersey Sarah Flagg Seaport Air Quality Program Manager Port of Seattle Sarah Flagg Seaport Air Quality Program Manager Port of Seattle Air Quality Programs at North American Seaports

Seaports – A Primer Public entities –Governance structure different at every port –Elected or appointed Boards/Commissions Landlord vs. Operator Diverse operations –Cargo (container & breakbulk) –Cruise –Recreational and commercial moorage –Commercial real estate –Airports Different stakeholder needs Public entities –Governance structure different at every port –Elected or appointed Boards/Commissions Landlord vs. Operator Diverse operations –Cargo (container & breakbulk) –Cruise –Recreational and commercial moorage –Commercial real estate –Airports Different stakeholder needs

Why is Reducing Emissions Important to Ports? Regulatory compliance Impacts on public health –Combustion of diesel fuel emits pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) –PM and NOx are linked to increases in respiratory and cardiovascular disease –Proximity of diesel emissions to population centers Impacts on environment –Climate impacts from contribution to greenhouse gas emissions Regulatory compliance Impacts on public health –Combustion of diesel fuel emits pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) –PM and NOx are linked to increases in respiratory and cardiovascular disease –Proximity of diesel emissions to population centers Impacts on environment –Climate impacts from contribution to greenhouse gas emissions

Common Challenges Proximity to large population centers It isn’t just about emissions –Safety, employment, parking, routing, rates, terminal hours, turn times Dynamic industry Declining container volumes Funding shortfalls Legal issues Proximity to large population centers It isn’t just about emissions –Safety, employment, parking, routing, rates, terminal hours, turn times Dynamic industry Declining container volumes Funding shortfalls Legal issues

Approaches Programs differ port by port –Attainment status and air quality issues –Community concerns –Operational needs –Local and/or state regulations –Voluntary versus mandatory Balance economics and the environment Advance technologies and operational efficiencies Programs differ port by port –Attainment status and air quality issues –Community concerns –Operational needs –Local and/or state regulations –Voluntary versus mandatory Balance economics and the environment Advance technologies and operational efficiencies

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Port Metro Vancouver Differentiated Harbour Dues Program Container Truck Licensing System Canada Place Cruise Ship Shore Power –Princess Cruises and Holland America Line Replacement of switcher locomotives with multi-gensets Participating in the Integrated Waste Hydrogen Utilization Project

Port of Seattle Clean Truck Program –Scrappage and Retrofits for Air in Puget Sound ABC Fuels Cruise ship shore power Cargo-handling equipment retrofits Biofuels and anti-idling

Port of Tacoma Truck Emissions Improvement Program –Establishes Best Practices TOTE shore power project Cargo-handling equipment retrofits Switcher engine repowers and anti-idling Cleaner fuels

Maritime Air Quality Improvement Plan Comprehensive Truck Management Program –CARB drayage truck rule –Grants for truck retrofit/replacements Shore Power Program –2014 CARB requirements Port of Oakland

San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action Plan 5-year joint program –Minimize health risk –Reduce emissions from port operations –Prepared in cooperation with EPA, CARB and AQMD and with extensive community outreach

Sets standards and goals for: –San Pedro Bay (two-port complex) –Individual terminal projects –Individual source categories (trucks, vessels, rail, harbor craft, cargo handling equipment) Primary Implementation Strategies –Leases/Mitigation –Tariffs –Incentives San Pedro Bay Ports

Clean Trucks Program Shore power for vessels Vessel Speed Reduction Low-sulfur ship fuels Cleaner cargo-handling equipment Technology Advancement Program

Port of Houston Authority Clean Air Strategy Plan –Produce real and sustainable emission reductions $9 million truck retrofit and replacement program Cargo-handling equipment replacements

Port of New York/New Jersey Clean Air Strategy Overall decrease in emissions despite any Port growth –Annual 3% net decrease in criteria air pollutants –Annual 5% net decrease in greenhouse gases

Port Authority of New York/ New Jersey $28 million Truck Replacement Program Retrofit 2 locomotives with GenSets Ocean-going Vessel Low Sulfur Fuel Incentive –50% of cost differential and vessel speed reduction Cargo Handling Equipment Fleet Modernization –Reimburse tenants 20% of the replacement cost

World Ports Climate Initiative Outgrowth of the Clinton Climate Initiative C40 Cities C40 World Ports Climate Conference –Rotterdam, July 2008 –55 ports signed the World Ports Climate Declaration Administered by the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH)

World Ports Climate Initiative 2008 WPCI Symposium focus areas –IAPH Toolbox expansion (Los Angeles) –Intermodal transport (Amsterdam) –Cargo-handling equipment (New York/New Jersey) –On-shore power supply (Gothenburg) –Environmental ship index (Rotterdam) –Lease agreement template (Montreal) –Carbon footprinting (Los Angeles)

Lessons Learned No one-size-fits-all approach Current economic conditions have reduced private investment and public funding As air quality standards continue to be strengthened, innovation and new technologies are key Need for increased coordination and information sharing No one-size-fits-all approach Current economic conditions have reduced private investment and public funding As air quality standards continue to be strengthened, innovation and new technologies are key Need for increased coordination and information sharing

Sarah Flagg