The University of Adelaide Earthquake Engineering in Australia – International Collaboration and Future Directions Mike Griffith President, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society Associate Professor, University of Adelaide

The University of Adelaide Introduction Australian Earthquake Hazard & Seismic Risk: Effective PGA design coefficient = 0.08g ± 50% Population concentrated in capital cities, with nearly 50% living in either Melbourne or Sydney Use of unreinforced masonry (URM) construction widespread, especially for house and 2- to 4-storey apartment dwellings Commercial buildings typically have long clear spans with gravity frames and lift core shear walls to resist e/q

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Research Results (to date): R/C frames should survive the 500-year design magnitude earthquake (DME) event by virtue of elastic over-strength but limited ductility exists to cope with much larger event URM construction can survive a DME if it is well designed and constructed; otherwise major damage is likely and no real capacity to survive bigger event.

The University of Adelaide Relationship between PGA and annual probability of exceedance for different seismic regions (from Paulay and Priestley, 1992).

The University of Adelaide Shake-table test of 1/5-scale 3-storey r/c frame

The University of Adelaide International Collaborations International collaborations are critical for Australian researchers to advance the practice of earthquake engineering within Australia Provides much need added value to the limited amount of money available for this research from Australian sources 3 collaboration that I have been involved with will be described here

The University of Adelaide International Collaborations (cont.) Seismic behaviour of R/C Frame + URM Infill (conducted at ELSA at JRC in Ispra with Dr. Pinto) Seismic retrofit of R/C columns (with Prof. Monti, Univ. of Rome) Seismic behaviour of URM buildings (with A.Prof. Magenes at Univ. of Pavia)

The University of Adelaide Seismic behaviour of R/C frames with URM infill walls

The University of Adelaide RC frame + URM infill

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Storey shear versus drift for ELSA test frames (from Pinto et al, 1999).

The University of Adelaide (a) Storey shear versus drift (no infill)(b) Storey shear versus drift (with infill) Test results for ½-scale r/c frame subject to cyclic loading (from Griffith and Alaia, 1997).

The University of Adelaide Adelaide test results for 200x200mm R/C column (Wu et al, 2001) 2.5% drift

The University of Adelaide Seismic retrofit of R/C columns

The University of Adelaide Seismic retrofit of columns in ELSA frames

The University of Adelaide Column retrofit research at Adelaide (from Wu et al, 2003)

The University of Adelaide Damage to retrofit columns during and at conclusion of testing (from Wu et al, 2003)

The University of Adelaide Seismic behaviour of URM buildings

The University of Adelaide Shaking Table Test Set-up

The University of Adelaide Shaking Table Test of URM Wall

The University of Adelaide Force-displacement relationship of URM wall in vertical bending (Doherty et al, 2002)

The University of Adelaide Response spectrum predictions using T 1 values for period

The University of Adelaide Response spectrum predictions using T 2 values for period

The University of Adelaide Mean and standard deviation of the error Err(T)=[S d (T)-  max ]/  max using different definitions of effective period, for all walls and all accelerograms (from Griffith et al, 2003).

The University of Adelaide Future Directions R/C structures and URM buildings are the primary types of construction of interest w/r E/Q loading Research priority should focus on 2 broad areas: assessment of seismic capacity development of appropriate retrofit strategies

The University of Adelaide Closing Remarks E/Q hazard in much of Europe, North America and Asia is similar to that in Australia. Also many common forms of construction materials and methods Hence, closer international collaborations can realistically be used to: tackle common issues build on experience and expertise of researchers concerned with high seismicity

The University of Adelaide Acknowledgements R/C Frame plus URM infill research at ELSA with Dr Pinto supported by ICONS TMR-Network research program grant. Seismic behaviour or URM buildings (with Magenes at Univ. of Pavia) supported by INGV- GNDT framework program and the Aust. Research Council Seismic retrofit of RC columns research (with Monti at Univ. of Rome) supported by an ARC International Linkage grant.

The University of Adelaide Shake table test results for 1/5-scale 3-storey r/c frame

The University of Adelaide Static push-over test of 1/5-scale 3-storey r/c frame (experiment and analysis) Drift = 1.5% 2.5%