 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory COA411 – the statement Explains what the units will do to accomplish the assigned mission.

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory COA411 – the statement (cont.)

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory A generalization latice/hierarchy BLUE-TASK-FORCE1 MECHANIZED-INFANTRY-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY BLUE-ARMOR-BRIGADE2 MANEUVER-UNIT-MILITARY-SPECIALTYAVIATION-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY ARMORED-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTYINFANTRY-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY MODERN-MILITARY-UNIT--DEPLOYABLE MODERN-MILITARY-ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION BLUE-MECH-BRIGADE1 BLUE-TASK-FORCE2 BLUE-TASK-FORCE3 INSTANCE-OFSUBCLASS-OF INSTANCE-OF SUBCLASS-OF

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory Feature definition An object feature is itself characterized by several features which include: documentation, domain and range. The domain is the concept that represents the set of objects that could have that feature. The range is the set of possible values of the feature. BLUE-TASK-FORCE2 ASSIGNMENT SUPPORTING-EFFORT1 ASSIGNMENT DOMAIN RANGE DOCUMENTATION COA-ASSIGNMENT MODERN-MILITARY-UNIT--DEPLOYABLE "Indicates the assignment of a unit" SUBCLASS-OF

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory Feature hierarchy <OBJECT-FEATURE> IS-OFFENSIVE-ACTION-FOR IS-ACTION-TYPE-FOR ASSIGNMENT DOMAIN DOCUMENTATION COA-ASSIGNMENT MODERN-MILITARY-UNIT--DEPLOYABLE "Indicates the assignment of a unit" IS-SURPRISE-ACTION-FOR IS-SECURITY-ACTION-FOR UPPER BOUND: LOWER BOUND: MANEUVER-UNIT-MILITARY-SPECIALTY RANGE UPPER BOUND: LOWER BOUND: MAIN-EFFORT DOMAIN DOCUMENTATION ACTION "Indicates the context in which the action is considered as having an offensive nature” UPPER BOUND: LOWER BOUND: PENETRATE-MILITARY-TASK RANGE UPPER BOUND: LOWER BOUND: {"military offensive operation”,"military defensive operation”} {"military offensive operation”} DOMAIN RANGE ACTION {"military offensive operation”, "military defensive operation”}

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory Example: Concepts definition We can define a concept as being a sub-concept of known concepts and having additional features, as in the following example: PENETRATE--MILITARY-TASK INDICATES-MISSION-TYPE IS-OFFENSIVE-ACTION-FOR "military offensive operation" RECOMMENDED-FORCE-RATIO 3 HAS-SURPRISE-FORCE-RATIO 6 SUBCLASS-OF MILITARY-MANEUVER COMPLEX-MILITARY-TASK MILITARY-ATTACK PENETRATE--MILITARY-TASK is a complex military task, a military maneuver, and a military attack. It indicates that a COA that has a penetration mission is an offensive COA. In the context of an offensive operation, a penetration should be considered an offensive action. The doctrinal recommended force ratio for a penetration is 3.0. A force ratio of 6.0 should be considered a surprisingly high force ratio.

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory BLUE-TASK-FORCE1 is a blue armored and mechanized infantry battalion assigned to be main effort1. It performs two tasks, penetrate1 and clear1. It has a regular strength and has the following units under its operational control: BLUE-MECH- COMPANY1, … Example: Instance definition ECHELON-OF-UNIT OPERATIONAL-CONTROL-MILITARY-ORG SOVEREIGN-ALLEGIANCE-OF-ORG ASSIGNMENT TASK BLUE-TASK-FORCE1 TASK BATTALION--UNIT-DESIGNATION INSTANCE-OF MECHANIZED-INFANTRY-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY ARMORED-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY BLUE--SIDE MAIN-EFFORT1 PENETRATE1 CLEAR1 REGULAR-STATUS BLUE-MECH-COMPANY1 BLUE-MECH-COMPANY2 BLUE-ARMOR-COMPANY1 BLUE-ARMOR-COMPANY2 OPERATIONAL-CONTROL-MILITARY-ORG TROOP-STRENGTH-OF-UNIT INSTANCE-OF

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory Inheritance OBJECT-ACTED-ON IS-TASK-OF-OPERATION TASK-HAS-PURPOSE PENETRATE1 TASK INSTANCE-OF PENETRATE--MILITARY-TASK ATTACK2 RED-MECH-COMPANY4 UNIT-ASSIGNED-TO-TASK BLUE-TASK-FORCE1 INDICATES-MISSION-TYPE IS-OFFENSIVE-ACTION-FOR "military offensive operation" FORCE-RATIO 10.6 RECOMMENDED-FORCE-RATIO 3 HAS-SURPRISE-FORCE-RATIO 6 (missing element) ASSIGNMENT MAIN-EFFORT1 MILITARY-TASK SUBCLASS-OF MILITARY-MANEUVER COMPLEX-MILITARY-TASK MILITARY-ATTACK SUBCLASS-OF SOVEREIGN-ALLEGIANCE-OF-ORG BLUE--SIDE

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory ACTION MILITARY-PURPOSE MILITARY-EVENT MODERN-MILITARY-ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION MILITARY-OPERATIONMILITARY-TASK PURPOSE MILITARY-EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT GEOGRAPHICAL-REGION COA-SPECIFICATION-MICROTHERY PLAN Overall organization of the COA object ontology SUBCLASS-OF

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory BLUE-TASK-FORCE1 MECHANIZED-INFANTRY-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY BLUE-ARMOR-BRIGADE2 MANEUVER-UNIT-MILITARY-SPECIALTYAVIATION-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY ARMORED-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTYINFANTRY-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY MODERN-MILITARY-UNIT--DEPLOYABLE MODERN-MILITARY-ORGANIZATION BLUE-MECH-BRIGADE1 BLUE-TASK-FORCE2 BLUE-TASK-FORCE3 Ontology of military organizations INSTANCE-OFSUBCLASS-OF

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory ECHELON-OF-UNIT OPERATIONAL-CONTROL-MILITARY-ORG SOVEREIGN-ALLEGIANCE-OF-ORG ASSIGNMENT TASK BLUE-TASK-FORCE1 TASK BATALLION--UNIT-DESIGNATION INSTANCE-OF MECHANIZED-INFANTRY-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY ARMORED-UNIT--MILITARY-SPECIALTY BLUE--SIDE MAIN-EFFORT1 PENETRATE1 CLEAR1 REGULAR-STATUS BLUE-MECH-COMPANY1 BLUE-MECH-COMPANY2 BLUE-ARMOR-COMPANY1 BLUE-ARMOR-COMPANY2 OPERATIONAL-CONTROL-MILITARY-ORG TROOP-STRENGTH-OF-UNIT INSTANCE-OF COA411 Representation of a specific organization

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory AREA-DEFENSE--MILITARY-OPERATION MILITARY-MANEUVER MILITARY-EVENT MILITARY-OPERATIONMILITARY-TASK DEFEND1DEFEND2 SCREEN--MILITARY-TASK SCREEN1 PENETRATE--MILITARY-MANEUVER PENETRATE1PENETRATE2 Ontology of military events INSTANCE-OFSUBCLASS-OF

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory OBJECT-ACTED-ON IS-TASK-OF-OPERATION TASK-HAS-PURPOSE DESTROY1 TASK INSTANCE-OF DESTROY--MILITARY-TASK PREVENT-MILITARY-PURPOSE3 RED-CSOP1 UNIT-ASSIGNED-TO-TASK BLUE-TASK-FORCE2 INDICATES-MISSION-TYPE "military offensive operation" FORCE-RATIO 20 RECOMMENDED-FORCE-RATIO 2.5 (missing element) ASSIGNMENT SUPPORTING-EFFORT1 MILITARY-TASK "military offensive operation" IS-OFFENSIVE-ACTION-FOR SUBCLASS-OF COA-411 Representation of military tasks

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory IS-SECURITY-ACTION-FOR "military offensive operation" IS-SECURITY-ACTION-FOR "military defensive operation" IS-INDEPENDENT-ACTION-FOR SCREEN--MILITARY-TASK "military offensive operation" IS-INDEPENDENT-ACTION-FOR "military defensive operation" IS-ECONOMY-OF-FORCE-ACTION-FOR "military offensive operation" "military defensive operation" IS-ECONOMY-OF-FORCE-ACTION-FOR Representation of military tasks SCREEN1 INSTANCE-OF MILITARY-TASK SUBCLASS-OF

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory COA- SPECIFICATION- MICROTHERY COA411 BLUE-BRIGADE-OP BLUE-BRIGADE-TASK TOTAL-NBR-ACTIONS TOTAL-NBR-SECURITY-ACTIONS-FOR-MISSION TOTAL-NBR-SURPRISE-ACTIONS-FOR-MISSION TOTAL-NBR-DECEPTION-ACTIONS-FOR-MISSION COA-MAIN-EFFORT-OFFENSIVE-ACTION-FOR-MISSION TOTAL-NBR-SUPPORTING-EFFORTS-OFFENSIVE-ACTIONS-FOR-MISSION MISSION-LEVEL-TASK-OF-COA OPERATION-OF-COA COA-SECURITY-ACTION-FOR-MISSION TOTAL-NBR-MAIN-EFFORT-OFFENSIVE-ACTIONS-FOR-MISSION COA-SUPPORTING-EFFORT-OFFENSIVE-ACTION-FOR-MISSION TOTAL-NBR-INDEPENDENT-ACTIONS-FOR-MISSION END-STATE-OF-COA TOTAL-NBR-OFFENSIVE-ACTIONS-FOR-MISSION PLAN-TO-ACHIEVE1 PENETRATE1 DESTROY1 DESTROY2 SECURE1 FIX1 FIX2 COA-SUPPORTING-EFFORT-OFFENSIVE-ACTION-FOR-MISSION COA-SECURITY-ACTION-FOR-MISSION INSTANCE-OF COA411 HAS-DECISIVE-POINT DECISIVE-POINT1 Representation of the structure of the COA

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory MILITARY-OFFENSIVE-OP CLOSE-UNIT-IN-MISSION RESERVE-UNIT-IN-MISSION REAR-UNIT-IN-MISSION DEEP-OPERATION-TASK FIRE-OPERATION-TASK BLUE-BRIGADE-OP CLOSE-UNIT-IN-MISSION SECURITY-UNIT-IN-MISSION BLUE-TASK-FORCE1 BLUE-TASK-FORCE2 BLUE-MECH-BATALION1 SECURITY-UNIT-IN-MISSION BLUE-MECH-COMPANY8 BLUE-MECH-PLT1 DESTROY3 SUPRESS1 INSTANCE-OF COA-411 Representation of the main operation of COA411

 G.Tecuci, Learning Agents Laboratory IS-TASK-OF-OPERATION TASK-HAS-PURPOSE OBJECT-ACTED-ON SUB-TASKS--MILTARY BLUE-BRIGADE-TASK INDICATES-MISSION-TYPE IS-OFFENSIVE-ACTION-FOR SUB-TASKS--MILTARY DESTROY1 PENETRATE1 CLEAR1 FIX2 CLEAR3 FIX1 CLEAR2 SECURE1 SUPRESS1 DESTROY2 DESTROY3 PENETRATE--MILITARY-TASK RED-MECH-REGIMENT2 BLUE-BRIGADE-OP ENABLE-MILITARY-PURPOSE1 "military offensive operation" COA-411 INSTANCE-OF Representation of the main task of COA411