PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSMENT GENERAL PRINCIPLES, PURPOSE, TYPES, ALIGNING WITH OBJECTIVES DR. SHASHI PANDEY

PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSMENT Read by Dr.N.K.Gupta

B ASIC TERMINOLOGY Measurement Assessment Evaluation

W HAT IS ASSESSMENT Process by which assessment information is used by teachers to adjust their teaching strategies and by students to adjust their learning strategies.

W HY DO WE NEED TO ASSESS STUDENTS ? Pass or fail Rank ordering the students Measuring improvement over a period of time. Providing feedback to students and teachers about area learnt well and area requiring further attention. Maintaining quality of educational programs.

HOW ASSESSMENT HELP TEACHERS AND LEARNERS ?

FOR TEACHERS Plan and modify teaching and learning programmes for individual students, group o students and the class as a whole. Pinpoint students strength so that both teachers and students can build on them. Identify students’’ learning needs in a clear and constructive way so that can be addressed. If necessary then involve parents.

FOR STUDENTS Assessment of learning provides students with information and guidance so they can plan and manage the next steps in their learning

PRINCIPLES.. Assessment Should Focus On How Students Learn………..vice versa

T YPES OF ASSESSMENT Formative or Summative Assessment Criterion or Norm Referenced Assessment

F ORMATIVE ASSESSMENT Refers to assessment conducted with the primary purpose of providing feedback to students and teachers. Not be used for final certification. Teachers can identify deficiencies of the students and undertake remedial action.

E XAMPLES : Essay/ assignment/ project A simple mental note Group discussion Student self and peer assessment

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT The goal of summative assessment is to Evaluate Students Learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark.

E XAMPLES : A MID TERM EXAM A FINAL PROJECT A PAPER A FINAL EXAM

TOOLS OF ASSESSMENT Essay/ Assignment/ Project Examination Viva Performance Self and Peer Assessment

ASSESSMENT SHOULD BE RECOGNIZED AS CENTRAL TO CLASSROOM PRACTICE Assessment… part of everyday classroom practice…. Involve both teachers and learners in reflection, dialogue and decision making

ASSESSMENT SHOULD BE SENSITIVE AND CONSTRUCTIVE BECAUSE ANY ASSESSMENT HAS AN EMOTIONAL IMPACT Comments that focus on the work rather than the person are more constructive for both learning and motivation.

L EARNERS SHOULD RECEIVE CONSTRUCTIVE GUIDANCE ABOUT HOW TO IMPROVE Teachers should: - pinpoint the learner’s strengths and advice how to develop them. -be clear and constructive about any weakness and how to improve.

ALIGNING WITH OBJECTIVES ‘Alignment’ refers to setting up a learning environment that supports the learning activities appropriate to achieving the desired learning outcomes.

INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES ASSESSMENTLEARNING OBJECTIVE WHY SHOULD ASSESSMENT LEARNING OBJECTVES, INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES BE ALIGNED?

ALIGNMENT OBJECTIVES DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES TEACHING ACTIVITIES ASSESSMENT TEACHER PERSPECTIVE:

STUDENT PERSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT LEARNING ACTIVITIES OUTCOMES

WHICH IS CORRECT OBJECTIVES MATERIALS METHODS ASSESSMENT PLANNING ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES ASSESSMENT PLANNING MATERIALMETHODSASSESSMENT A B

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