Security in Europe during the Cold War period Dr. Arūnas Molis 22 April, 2014 Tallinn European security.

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Security in Europe during the Cold War period Dr. Arūnas Molis 22 April, 2014 Tallinn European security

Content  Start and end of the Cold War  Origins of the Cold War  The USSR behavior during the Cold War  Western security strategy

Start of the Cold War  Truman Doctrine and Marshal plan

End of the Cold War  The agreement signed by the leaders of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine at the Belovezh forest on 8 December 1991 declared the Soviet Union dissolved and CIS created  The parliaments of the three states ratified the agreement on December 1991, and on 21 December the Alma Ata protocol was signed, pursuant to which another eight former soviet republics joined the CIS

Dominant security concerns  Cold War – two security systems with: threat of military aggression competition among main global players  After the Cold war – 1 security system with: ethno-religious nationalism economic stagnation civil wars environmental degradation autocratic rule

Origins of the Cold War  Nuclear deterrence Fear of self destruction, nuclear tensions CrisisYearLengthThreatNuclear STRATEGIC WEAPONS byU.S.AU.S.S.R #1 IRAN I1946One dayUSA400 #2 YUGOSLAVIA1946One dayUSA400 #3 BERLIN I monthsUSA1200 #4 KOREA monthsUSA400? #5 VIETNAM I19543 monthsUSA1200? #6 CHINA I19548 monthsUSA1200? #7 SUEZ19567 daysUSSR & USA #8 CHINA II19582 monthsUSA #9 BERLIN II19594 monthsUSA #10 BERLIN III19614 monthsUSA* 3600* 240 #11 CUBA19622 weeksUSSR & USA* 3900* 300 #12 VIETNAM II19693 monthsUSA* 4000* 1400 #13 JORDAN19702 weeksUSA* 4000* 1800 #14 ISRAEL daysUSA* 6800* 2200 #15 IRAN II19806 monthsUSA* 10312* 6846 #16 FIRST STRIKE monthsUSA** Total Threat monthsof nuclear crisis * Nuclear Winter Threat

Origins of the Cold War  Arms race US – 13 trillions USD for defence, except nuclear program  Ideological confrontation war for hearts and minds

Origins of the Cold War  Struggle for Europe Germany, Berlin Partition of Europe  Proxy wars for influence Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Indochina, Middle East and Latin America

USSR: Creating a buffer of satellite states  Success: Baltic states reincorporated to USSR Communist governments installed in East Germany, Albania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia  Failure: Northern Iran wasn’t drawn to the Soviet orbit; Greece could have become one of the socialist states Sour relations with Yugoslavia after restraints on Tito

Buffer of satellite states

Suppressions in Eastern Europe  1956 in Poland and Hungary  1968 in Czechoslovakia

Western (the US) strategy (1)  Containment ( ): resist Soviet Union wherever it is possible Assistance to Greece and Turkey, Marshal plan War in Korea (1950–1953)  Massive retaliation ( ): roll back of the communism Increase of nuclear warheads Berlin crisis (wall in 1961) Cuban missile crises (soviet deployment in 1962)

Western (the US) strategy (2)  Detante policy ( ) Balance of power End of Vietnam war  Kirkpatrick doctrine Support to authoritarian leaders who resist to Soviet Union expansion

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