How does piracy affect me... Increase in hijackings Payments for ransoms Increased insurance payments Increased security Higher high street prices Longer journeys- therefore more fuel

Failed state- government is not in full control. Stable government which is in control of the country. Much of the population is reliant on food aid. High returns from ransoms paid for ships and crews- average $2 million. Most ransoms are unlikely to be paid. Huge coastal area makes it uneasy to police. Average income in Somalia is $600 dollars per capita. Strong international support for the Somali government. There are few employment opportunities in Somalia. Employment opportunities are widely available. Large coastal area. Small coastal area. Large number of ex- fisherman that know the area well. Pirates are shunned by the local population. Pirates are viewed as heroes by the local population. Large number of armed and experienced warlords from the civil war. Illegal fishing of Somali waters has put fisherman out of business. There is a well developed welfare system in the country. Key: White = reasons which encourage piracy in Somalia Shaded in= reasons which would not encourage piracy in Somalia

Impact on Somalia Local farmers and fishermen leave to join pirates Wealthy pirates encourage the consumption of drugs alien to local culture Local prices increase due to influx of dollars- quality of life decreases for locals as a result Pirates take multiple wives from poorer nomadic tribes- this impacts on rural traditional life Ransom money is reinvested in more sophisticated weaponry making governance of the area more difficult Discourages investment and trade in the country. Other nations enter Somalia to track and capture pirates- undermining the national government? re=player_embedded&v=sMFzVFDgof8

Blue lines show densest shipping routes. A global issue?

Countries with active pirate crews Somalia Bangladesh Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Ghana Vietnam Nigeria Tanzania Brazil

How well organised are the pirates of Somalia? Local knowledge of the coast. Fast speed boats. GPS and satellite phones. Heavily armed, machine guns and grenade launchers. Contacts in the local ports. Boarding equipment such as ladders and grappling hooks.

How effective would these measures be against piracy? Secure ship- electric fence around the ship delivering a 9,000 volt shock Advice given to cargo ships in pirate waters Tracking device for ship Emergency alarm- to inform shipping company and authorities 24 hour look outs Razor wire around accessible parts of the ship Trailing ropes and cargo nets Install high powered flood lights Bridge and accommodation to be secured High powered hoses and water cannons Hired armed security teams hi/world/south_asia/ stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/ hi/world/south_asia/ stm - stopping the pirates Pick six ways to protect your ship and one of your own Draw them on your boat

Ebola Current distribution of Ebola in the 2014 outbreak – Nigeria – Sierra Leone – Guinea – Liberia – USA – Mali

How is Ebola spread? It is spread when people have direct contact through – Broken skin, mouth and nose with the blood, vomit, faeces or bodily fluids of someone with Ebola – The virus can last up t six days on surfaces – The spread of the disease is worse in urban areas where there is a higher concentration of people

Social - impacts of Ebola 3,700 children in Gabon and Sierra Leone have been made orphans Children are left alone in hospitals There was a three day quarantine in Sierra Leone 2,917 people have died so far Food shortages in Sierra Leone Relatives of the deceased are offered counselling

Economic – impacts of Ebola Safari bookings are down 70% Loss of tourism income Gabon gets most if it money from farming and people are not buying their crops Country borders have been closed Economic growth down 1% in Guinea Empty hotels in countries affected

How can the spread of Ebola be slowed? There is no proven cure for Ebola. Severely ill patients need to be rehydrated quickly using intravenous fluids. They should be isolated from other people and given intensive care by medical experts. Potential vaccines are being tested. If the trials are successful they would be used to protect healthcare workers first. Experimental drugs such as ZMapp have also been used, but their effectiveness has not been proved. Blood products from survivors are also being tried as a potential therapy. The medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) says this outbreak comes from the deadliest and most aggressive strain of the virus. It is not known which factors allow some people to recover while most succumb but experts say early treatment is key.