The Arizona Territory 1862 – 1912 Arizona Geography GCU 221

Game Plan 1853 – Part of New Mexico territory 1861 – Tucson and southern New Mexico claim independence and join the Confederacy 1862 – Arizona becomes formal territory Phoenix settled –Powell and the Grand Canyon 1877 – Desert Land Act provides 640 acres Railroad helps industry immensely Important industries of early Arizona includes: mining, farming, cattle, and train construction

Part of New Mexico Territory Boundaries of the New Mexico Territory as the Confederates wanted to see it.

1861 – Tucson joins Confederacy Arizonans were dissatisfied with the US government for neglecting them in their need to deal with Apache raids and for shutting down the Butterfield Overland Route.

Battle of Picacho Pass Occurred along the a remote remount station along the Butterfield Overland route. One of four minor battles that occurred in Arizona. Tucson taken without incident.

1862 – Arizona Territory is born Where should the capital be?

1862 – Arizona Territory is born Where should the capital be? Prescott, AZ Tucson, AZ Northern mining town preferred by Americans from back east Southern former Spanish, Mexican, and Confederate stronghold

1867 – Phoenix founded Phoenix rises from the ashes, agriculture intensifies. Becomes the capital of AZ. Jack Swilling

John Wesley Powell and Grand Canyon rapids in Grand Canyon alone, a 1,000 mile journey.

Desert Land Act “For $1.40 an acre, a married family could claim 640 acres if they promised to TRY and irrigate the land within 3 years.”

Industry leads to the establishment of railroads in 1882

Arizona Mining and Trading Company Gold, Silver, Lead, Zinc, Asbestos, Copper, Borax Started near Ajo, kicked off mining in Arizona Mining even in the Grand Canyon, more profit from Tourism, in 1890 Grandviewite

1863 – One in four Arizonans was a miner or prospector Ajo Copper mine, intensified in 1884, discovered in 1854 Tailings largest dam in the country 7.4 billion cubic feet Started at 20% ore to less than 1% today Originally smelted in Swansea Wales, around the horn. Produced $20 billion in ore Discovered by Tom Childs, an old abandoned mine named Old Bat Hole with a 60 foot shaft.

Tombstone History founded in 1879 Nearby mines produced an estimated $85 million in silver, founded by Ed Schieffelin, Told the only stone he would find would be a “Tombstone”. Tough Nut Mine

Tombstone History Gunfight at the OK Corral in March 15, 1881 Mostly unknown to the public until 1931 The gun battle at the OK Corral between the Earp brothers and the Cow-boys. Wyatt Earp Virgil Earp Ike Clanton

Early Arizona Cattle Industry 1880s Moves from Texas (affected by heavy overgrazing) into Arizona with the development of the rail lines.

Aztec Land and Cattle Company (Hashknife Outfit) Third largest ranch in North America in the late 1800s Utilized 2,000,000 acres of land bought at $0.50 an acre Stretched from New Mexico to Flagstaff 26 deaths in Holbrook, AZ in 1886 out 250 people

Aztec Land and Cattle Company (Hashknife Outfit) Third largest ranch in North America in the late 1800s Severe winter in 1900 devastated the outfit. Over utilized the land, 20 cattle per acre instead of 7. The ranch was sold to the Babbitt Brothers in 1901 Burton C. Mossman Arizona Rangers Bucket o’ Blood Saloon

Canyon Diablo near Holbrook, AZ Town built to support the construction of a railroad bridge across Canyon Diablo, later became Two Guns, built to support Route 66. Hell Street had 14 saloons, 10 gambling houses, 4 brothels, and 2 dance halls

Things to know: 1853 – part of New Mexico territory 1861 – Tucson and southern New Mexico claim independence and join the Confederacy 1862 – Arizona becomes formal territory 1869 – John Wesley Powell explores the Colorado River 1877 – Desert Land Act provides 640 acres 1882 – Establishment of railroads Important early industries: farming, cattle, and mining