Breeds of Beef & Dairy Cattle Mrs. Gilbreath

Today you will be able to… Identify characteristics of Major Beef Cattle Breeds, Dual-Purpose and Dairy Breeds. Identify characteristics of Major Beef Cattle Breeds, Dual-Purpose and Dairy Breeds.

Terms ______________ – a breed that is formed by crossing two or more breeds ______________ – a breed that is formed by crossing two or more breeds ________________ – Increased growth rate often noted in cattle resulting from crossbreeding ________________ – Increased growth rate often noted in cattle resulting from crossbreeding ______________– Naturally without horns; the polled trait is dominant over the horned trait ______________– Naturally without horns; the polled trait is dominant over the horned trait

Terms Cont. ___________________– Breed used in crossbreeding system which progeny, both male and female are marketed. ___________________– Breed used in crossbreeding system which progeny, both male and female are marketed. ____________________ Breeds – A Breed of any animal that can be used for dual uses. (Ex. Beef and Milking) ____________________ Breeds – A Breed of any animal that can be used for dual uses. (Ex. Beef and Milking)

2 Biological Types of Cattle ___________ ___________ – Humped cattle, adapt to tropical and sub- tropical environments ________________ Brangus Beefmaster Santa Gertrudis Environmental adaptability to… Environmental adaptability to… ___________ of heat ___________ of heat Humidity Humidity ______________ ______________ Digestible forages Digestible forages

______________ Sub-divided into 2 groups Sub-divided into 2 groups Continental breeds, or “____________” Continental breeds, or “____________” Known for _________ gain and cutability Known for _________ gain and cutability _________ in size, lean muscular and vary in adaptability to hot climates _________ in size, lean muscular and vary in adaptability to hot climates Charolais Charolais ______________ ______________ Gelbvieh Gelbvieh Limousin Limousin Maine-Anjou Maine-Anjou Salers Salers Simmental Simmental Texas Longhorn Texas Longhorn

__________: British Breeds Or “__________ Breeds” Or “__________ Breeds” ___________ than Continental breeds ___________ than Continental breeds Increased fleshing and _________ ability Increased fleshing and _________ ability These are the _______________ of the United States beef herds. These are the _______________ of the United States beef herds. ______________ ______________ Hereford Hereford Red Angus Red Angus Red Poll Red Poll Shorthorn Shorthorn

Black Angus Originated in Scotland Originated in Scotland Imported to U.S. in 1873 Imported to U.S. in 1873 Solid black in color Solid black in color Naturally _________ Naturally _________ Consumer preference led to Certified Angus Beef Consumer preference led to Certified Angus Beef British Breed British Breed

Hereford Originated in Hereford, England Originated in Hereford, England Red with white head, legs, and underline Red with white head, legs, and underline _______________ _______________ Early maturing Early maturing “____________” breed “____________” breed British Breed British Breed

Polled Hereford Developed in Iowa by Warren Gammon Developed in Iowa by Warren Gammon ______________ hornless ______________ hornless Red with white face, legs and underline Red with white face, legs and underline

Shorthorn Originated in England Originated in England Red; red & white or roan in color Red; red & white or roan in color Originally used as a _____________ breed for meat and milk Originally used as a _____________ breed for meat and milk Sometimes called the ____________ breed Sometimes called the ____________ breed Early maturing, excellent milkers Early maturing, excellent milkers Dual-Purpose Dual-Purpose

Simmental Originated in Switzerland Originated in Switzerland __________ breed of cattle in the world __________ breed of cattle in the world ____________, powerful breed ____________, powerful breed Known for both growth traits and maternal traits Known for both growth traits and maternal traits Vary from red and white spotted to dark red to black Vary from red and white spotted to dark red to black Continental Breed Continental Breed

Gelbvieh Originated in Germany Originated in Germany Red in color Red in color Noted for superior fertility and mothering ability Noted for superior fertility and mothering ability Tend to be extra fleshy under the throat Tend to be extra fleshy under the throat

Charolais Originated in France Originated in France Traditionally white in color Traditionally white in color Long bodied, large cattle Long bodied, large cattle _________ muscled _________ muscled Coarse looking Coarse looking _________ or Polled _________ or Polled Fast growth rate, and feed efficiency Fast growth rate, and feed efficiency

Maine Anjou Originated in France Originated in France Dark red with white markings or black Dark red with white markings or black Can be horned or polled Can be horned or polled Yield extremely _________, muscular carcasses Yield extremely _________, muscular carcasses Bos Taurus Bos Taurus

Chianina Originated in Italy Originated in Italy One of the __________ breeds of cattle One of the __________ breeds of cattle One of the ___________ breeds with some bulls weighing over 3000 lbs. One of the ___________ breeds with some bulls weighing over 3000 lbs. Short hair that is white to steel gray Short hair that is white to steel gray _____________ breed _____________ breed Low milk production Low milk production

Salers Originated in France Originated in France Fastest growing breed in the United States Fastest growing breed in the United States Mahogany red to black in color Mahogany red to black in color One of the last breeds to be imported into the United States in 1972 One of the last breeds to be imported into the United States in 1972 Adapt to rough terrain and harsh climates Adapt to rough terrain and harsh climates

Brahman Originated in _______ Originated in _______ Able to survive on very little, poor feed Able to survive on very little, poor feed _____________ & heat resistant _____________ & heat resistant Excess skin and large hump on back Excess skin and large hump on back White to gray, red to black White to gray, red to black _________________ _________________ BI BI

Santa Gertrudis Developed on the King Ranch in Texas Developed on the King Ranch in Texas All Santa Gertrudis are descendants of the bull, ___________ All Santa Gertrudis are descendants of the bull, ___________ They were created by crossing ____________cows and Brahman bulls They were created by crossing ____________cows and Brahman bulls

Texas Longhorn Developed entirely by nature in North America Developed entirely by nature in North America Known for its long horns Known for its long horns High fertility High fertility Were near extinction in 1927 Were near extinction in 1927

Beefmaster Developed on Lasater Ranch in our home state. TX Developed on Lasater Ranch in our home state. TX No color standard, predominantly red or dun No color standard, predominantly red or dun Composite breed, Composite breed, ____ Brahman, ______ Shorthorn, ______ Hereford ____ Brahman, ______ Shorthorn, ______ Hereford Possess reproductive traits and high milking potential Possess reproductive traits and high milking potential

Brangus Composite Breed 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus Composite Breed 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus Black in color and are Polled Black in color and are Polled Heat tolerance, muscularity, early maturity, quality beef Heat tolerance, muscularity, early maturity, quality beef Bos Indicus Bos Indicus Composite Breed Composite Breed

Dual-Purpose Breed _____________________– A group of cattle that are very large to extremely large in size, high to very high milkers, with heavy muscle expression. _____________________– A group of cattle that are very large to extremely large in size, high to very high milkers, with heavy muscle expression. These breeds tend to be early to medium maturing in spite of there size, presumably because of there selection for dairy use. These breeds tend to be early to medium maturing in spite of there size, presumably because of there selection for dairy use.

Red and white or any combination of red and white Red and white or any combination of red and white Dual purpose breed Dual purpose breed Medium sized Medium sized Average milk producer Average milk producer Split from the American Shorthorn Assoc. in 1949 Split from the American Shorthorn Assoc. in 1949 Milking Shorthorn

Dairy Breeds and Selection Terms ___________________ - characteristics indicating the animal will be useful in the dairy industry _______________________ (milkfat)- percent of fat in the milk ________________________ - amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a lactation period __________________________ - span of time that a cow is giving milk ___________________________ - register of lines of ancestry ________________________________(DHI)- production records kept on producing dairy cattle

Holstein Black and White or Red and White color pattern Black and White or Red and White color pattern Large sized Large sized ___________ milk producers ___________ milk producers

Jersey Color varies (light gray to a dark fawn being darker around the head and hips) Color varies (light gray to a dark fawn being darker around the head and hips) Medium sized Medium sized Produces ________ ____________ of milk per body weight than any other dairy breed. Produces ________ ____________ of milk per body weight than any other dairy breed.

Brown Swiss Solid brown, varying from very light to dark Solid brown, varying from very light to dark Large sized Large sized Light colored band around the muzzle Light colored band around the muzzle One of the oldest Dairy breeds One of the oldest Dairy breeds Above average milkfat content Above average milkfat content

Guernsey Red (Fawn) and White in color Red (Fawn) and White in color Medium sized Medium sized High milk production to feed intake ratio High milk production to feed intake ratio Milk is high in protein and beta-carotene Milk is high in protein and beta-carotene Yellow colored milk Yellow colored milk