Chapter 15, Section 3: Animals & Agriculture Standards: SEV4c Food & Agriculture Chapter 15, Section 3: Animals & Agriculture Standards: SEV4c

What are domesticated animals? Animals bred and managed for human use. Over 50 species have been domesticated Examples: Sheep Cattle Chicken Honey bees Silkworms Shellfish Pigs

What animal foods come from water? Fish & shellfish Many countries can’t maintain cattle so fish are a good source of protein. Most commercial fish species are suffering from overharvesting. Catching or removing more organisms than the population can replace

What can be done to prevent overharvesting? Create no-fishing zones (marine preserves) so populations can recover. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services puts limits on # of fish caught Size of fish caught Gender of fish (sometimes) Increase aquaculture

What is aquaculture? Raising fish or shellfish for human use or consumption. China is leader in aquaculture of freshwater fish. 23% of all seafood comes from aquaculture worldwide

What are some aquaculture methods? Oyster farm: Oysters are submerged in cages to keep predators out. Fish farm: Several large pools house fish at different stages of growth. Fish are harvested & sold at appropriate age. Ranch: Fish are raised until they are a certain size and then released into the wild where they will be later harvested by fishermen (ex: salmon)

What are the problems with aquaculture? Masses of fish create large amounts of waste which must be disposed of & can cause pollution. Uses & wastes lots of water Damages wetlands when aquaculture operations are built there.

What animal foods come from land? Livestock- domesticated animals that are raised on a farm or ranch and sold for profit Used for: Meat Leather Eggs Wool Manure- fertilizer or fuel source (developing countries) Draft animals- Pull plows/carts (developing countries)

What are the major types of livestock? Ruminants Cattle, sheep, goats Cud-chewing animals Regurgitate food and rechew it a few times to mechanically digest the vegetation. Have 3-4 chambered stomachs with specialized bacteria that help them break down the cellulose in the plant matter that they eat.

What are the major types of livestock? Cattle Most common ruminant livestock. Most cows in US raised in CAFO- concentrated animal feeding operation (aka feedlot) Because animals are cramped and wade in their own feces they are given antibiotics to prevent infections. Scientists worry this overuse of antibiotics may be creating resistance in bacteria. Not always used for meat Hindus consider cows sacred and use them for milk, manure, and as draft animals Masai tribe in Africa only drink milk or blood of cow.

What are the major types of livestock? Poultry Domesticated birds raised for meat or eggs Chickens, turkey, ducks, geese Population of chickens has increased by 320% since 1961! Poultry also raised in CAFO type environment. Birds are fed artificial hormones to make them “beef up” faster so they can be harvested quicker. Chicken breasts so large their legs cannot support the unnatural weight.

You should be able to… Explain why the percentage of seafood produced by aquaculture is increasing so rapidly. Explain how overharvesting affects the supply of fish such as salmon. Describe the importance of livestock to cultures that consume no meat.