105 WEAPONS FUNDAMENTALS

Weapons Fundamentals References: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1 FM 23-27-MK-19, 40mm Grenade Machine Gun, Mod.3 NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2 NAVFAC P-315, Naval Construction Force Manual

Weapons Fundamentals FM 23-99, Mortars NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunners Mate FM 23-0, M16A1 and M16A2 Rifle Marksmanship TM-5855-214-10, Night Vision Sight, Crew Served Weapons TM-11-5855-213-23&P, Night Vision Sight, Individual Weapon

Weapons Fundamentals TM-SW215-AK-MNO-010, Night Vision Sight, Individual Goggles NAVSEA OP 4067, Operators Manual for AN/VPS-11, Pocket Scope Night Vision Device

Overview M60 Machine Gun 40mm Machine Gun .50 Caliber M2 Machine Gun 60mm Mortar

Overview 40mm M203 Grenade Launcher 12-Gauge Shotgun M16 Rifle Hand Grenades

Overview M8A1 Claymore Mine 84mm AT4 Range Cards Early Warning Devices

Overview NMCB Weapons Systems Various rates of Fire Various class of Fire Night Vision Equipment

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.1 Describe the 7.62mm M60 machine gun. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M60 Machine Gun

M60 Machine Gun Air-cooled Belt-fed Gas-operated Automatic weapon Fixed headspace Fires from open bolt Position Crew served

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.2 Describe loading/unloading procedures for the M60 Machine Gun Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M60 Machine Gun Loading Point weapon down range Place safety in the “F” (fire) position Use cocking handle to pull the bolt to the rear When the sear holds bolt rearward, return cocking handle forward and place the safety in the “S” (safe) position

M60 Machine Gun Loading Raise the cover and ensure the feed tray, receiver and chamber are clear Place the first round in the feed tray groove and close the cover, making sure the round stays in the groove Move safety to “F” The weapon is now ready to fire

M60 Machine Gun Un-Loading Point weapon down range Move safety to “F” (fire) position Pull charging handle rearward to lock the bolt to the rear, then return the charging handle forward Place the safety in the “S” (safe) position (cont)

M60 Machine Gun Un-Loading Raise the cover and remove the belt and rounds from the tray. Ensure that chamber and face of bolt are clear Lower feed tray and close cover CAUTION- DO NOT ALLOW BOLT TO SLAM FORWARD ON EMPTY CHAMBER

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.3 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the M60 Machine Gun. Length Weight Maximum Range Maximum Effective Range

Weapons Fundamentals Safeties Ammunition Rates of Fire Types of Fire Types of mounting pods Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M60 Machine Gun Length: 42.4 Inches Weight 18.5 lbs Maximum Range: 3725 meters Maximum Effective Range: 1100 meters

M60 Machine Gun Safeties Safety lever on left side of trigger housing The bolt cannot be pulled rearward or released to go forward while on safe.

M60 Machine Gun 7.62 Ball 7.62 Tracer Ammunition Types 7.62 Armor piercing 7.62 Blank 7.62 Dummy

M60 Machine Gun Sustained - 100 rnds/minute Rapid - 200 rnds/minute Rates of Fire Sustained - 100 rnds/minute Rapid - 200 rnds/minute Cyclic - 550-600 rnds/minute

M60 Machine Gun Types of Fire Grazing Fire - Not less than 1m above and no higher than 68 inches above the ground. Can exist for 700m over level or evenly sloping ground. Plunging Fire that strikes the ground from above at a considerable level. Beaten zone is considered the danger space.

M60 Machine Gun Types of Fire OverheadFire delivered over the heads of troops. Usually plunging fire.

M60 Machine Gun Mounting Pods Integral Bipod Part of the barrel group Provides effective firing platform M122 Tripod Stable and durable mount Provides for greater accuracy Includes a traversing and elevating mechanism and the pintle and platform group

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.4 Name the three types of emplacements that might be employed in a defensive position. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2

M60 Emplacements Employed as a squad (sqdldr & 2-4 person gun tms) Support the rifleman in offense & defense Provide heavy volumes of controlled, accurate and continuous fire Engage predetermined targets in all visibility conditions Provide long range, close defensive and final protective fires Basis for FPF’s in the defensive fire plan

M60 Emplacements Cover likely avenues of approach Provide grazing fire Assigned to each gun Normally does not exceed 800 mils right to left (45 degrees) Adjacent Machine gun squad sectors should overlap.

M60 Emplacements Initial Fire Command - The units leaders means of controlling the fires of his unit. A way of telling you what weapon, where, at what, how far, when to commence firing. Remembered by the acronym ADDRAC

Employment--ADDRAC ALERT - The first element, alerts you that a command is coming. DIRECTION - Directs your attention in a direction or to the target. Can be skipped if the target is singular and obvious. DESCRIPTION - A description of the target or targets in short accurate words. Can combine a reference point in this element as well.

Employment--ADDRAC RANGE - The estimated range of the target to be engaged. ASSIGNMENT/METHOD - Only used if the need to assign different sectors of fire exists or to indicate a method of engagement. CONTROL/COMMAND - Used to tell you when to start placing fire on the target.

Employment Final Protective Fire (FPF) - Defensive fire designed to break up the enemy’s assault under any condition of visibility. A prearranged barrier of fire laid down just in front of the defense. Also planned to destroy or limit enemy penetrations into the defense. Fired on verbal command or predetermined signal.

Employment Final Protective Lines (FPL) - Predetermined line of fire to obtain the maximum grazing fire from the weapon. Used in terrain that has short ridges, draws and irregular slopes.

Employment Characterized by: Flanking Fire: Provides effective frontal coverage Interlocking: Reduces number of gaps & provides mutual support Grazing: Bullet does not rise above avg ht of person. Flat or even slope 700m max.

Employment Principle Direction of Fire (PDF) - Used when terrain does not allow for effective FPL. Used to cover dangerous avenues of approach. May fall within the sector of fire or compromise either boundary.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.5 Name the members of a gun team and state what they are responsible for carrying into a combat situation. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M60 Gun Team Team Leader Gunner Ammo 1 Ammo 2

M60 Gun Team Team Leader - Usually A PO2, responsible for effective employment of the gun. Responsible for changing the barrels during firing. Carries spare barrel kit, M122 tripod, one bandoleer of ammo and armed with a 9mm pistol.

M60 Gun Team Gunner - Usually a PO3. Actually fires and maintains the gun. Carries the gun, one bandoleer of ammo and armed with a 9mm pistol.

M60 Gun Team Ammo 1 - Usually a CN, acts as the supply person for the team. Carries one box of ammo, spare barrel case with T&E. Armed with an M16. Ammo 2 - Usually a CA. Carries two boxes of ammo. Armed with an M16.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.6 Describe how tracer rounds are used. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M60 Tracer Rounds Observation of fire, Incendiary effects, Signaling, Training.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.7 Describe the 40mm Machine Gun Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

40 mm Machine Gun

40 mm Machine Gun Air-cooled Belt-fed Blow back operated Automatic weapon Fires from open bolt position Crew served

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.8 Describe loading/unloading procedures for the 40mm Machine Gun Reference: FM 23-27-MK-19, 40mm Grenade machine Gun, Mod. 3

40mm Machine Gun Loading Keep the weapon down range Make sure the bolt is forward. If not take the weapon off safe and ease the charging handles forward. Open the cover Insert the first round through the feed throat

40mm Machine Gun Loading Insert the first round through the feed throat Place the first round into the feeder. Female link first. Push the round across the first pawl Move the slide assembly to the left

40mm Machine Gun Loading Close the cover Unlock and grasp the charging handles and charge weapon

40mm Machine Gun Un-Loading Place weapon on safe Open cover Remove remaining rounds and inspect chamber Once clear, close cover

40mm Machine Gun Un-Loading Place weapon on fire and use charging handles to “ride” bolt forward or press trigger sending the bolt forward.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.9 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the 40mm Machine Gun. Length Weight Maximum Range Arming Range Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Weapons Fundamentals Muzzle velocity Rates of Fire Safety Ammunition Types Reference: FM 23-27-MK-19, 40mm Grenade machine Gun, Mod. 3 and NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2.

40mm Machine Gun Length: 43.1 inches Weight: 75.6 lbs Range - maximum effective 1500m maximum 2212m

40mm Machine Gun Arming Range M383 HE Round 18 to 36 meters M918 TP Round 18 to 30 meters

40mm Machine Gun Muzzle Velocity: 790 fps Rate of Fire: 325 to 375 rds/min Safety: Thumb switch with “Safe” and “Fire” positions

40mm Machine Gun Ammunition M383 HE - High explosive, designed to inflict personnel casualties. Arming distance of 18 to 36m. 15m casualty radius M430 HEDP -High explosive, dual purpose

40mm Machine Gun Ammunition M385E4/M385A1 - Training Practice with propellant. Max range 2200m M918 TP - Target round with a flash signature. Max range 2200m M922 Dummy - Inert

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.10 Describe the operation of the .50 caliber M2 Machine Gun Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M2 Machine Gun

M2 Machine Gun The .50-caliber machine gun is a belt-fed, crew-served, recoil-operated, air-cooled weapon. It can be set for automatic and semiautomatic fire. The weapon does not have any safeties.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.11 Describe loading/unloading procedures for the M2 Machine Gun Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M2 Machine Gun Loading Automatic mode Make sure gun is clear Close the bolt Close feed cover Lock down the bolt latch release Insert the ammo

M2 Machine Gun Loading Cock the gun (the gun is now “half-cocked”) Re-cock the gun (now it is “fully-cocked”)

M2 Machine Gun Loading Single shot mode Make sure gun is clear Close the bolt Close feed cover Rotate bolt latch release lock in the up position to the right

M2 Machine Gun Loading Insert the ammo Cock the gun (the gun is now “half-cocked”) Re-cock the gun (now it is “fully-cocked”) To fire another round you must push the bolt release allowing the bolt to go home

M2 Machine Gun Un-Loading Place the gun in single shot mode Pull slide handle to the rear and lock bolt rearward Open the feed cover

M2 Machine Gun Un-Loading Clear all remaining links or rounds Inspect chamber insuring it is clear Press the bolt latch release and ride the bolt forward Close the feed cover and pull the bolt to the rear

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.12 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the M2 Machine Gun Length Weight Maximum Range Maximum Effective Range Range Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Weapons Fundamentals Muzzle velocity Direction of Feed Rates of Fire Types of Fire Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M2 Machine Gun Length: 65 inches Weight: Total Weight 128 lbs Barrel - 24 lbs Receiver group - 60 lbs M3 Tripod - 44 lbs

M2 Machine Gun Maximum Range: 6800 (M2 Ball) Maximum Effective Range: 1830 meters Muzzle Velocity: 3050 fps (2080 mph) Direction of Feed: Load so double end loop on ammo belt clicks into the feedway

M2 Machine Gun Rates of Fire Sustained - 40 rnds or less/minute Rapid - 40 rnds or more/minute Cyclic - 450-550 rnds/minute

M2 Machine Gun Types of Fire Automatic: Short burst are recommended over sustained firings. Semiautomatic: Single Shot Fire

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.13 Describe setting headspace and timing on the .50 caliber machine gun Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M2 Machine Gun Headspace Headspace - Distance between the bolt face and the base of a seated cartridge (rnd). Correct when: Recoiling groups are fully forward No independent rearward movement between the bolt, barrel and barrel extension

M2 Machine Gun Headspace Must be checked and set before gun is fired, When barrel is replaced and When correct setting is in doubt

M2 Machine Gun Headspace Headspace Gauge Tool used to check and set headspace Has “GO-NO GO” reading

M2 Machine Gun Headspace Adjustment Insert the “GO” side of the gauge between the bolt and rear of the barrel (T-slot) The gauge should enter freely up to the center ring Remove the gauge and place the “NO-GO” side in the T-slot If the “NO-GO” side does not enter, the headspace is set correctly

M2 Machine Gun Headspace Adjustment Headspace Too Tight The “GO” side of the gauge cannot enter freely Pull back on the charging handle While holding it back, unscrew the barrel one notch (click) Ease the bolt forward Recheck the headspace with the gauge

M2 Machine Gun Headspace Adjustment Headspace Too Loose If it is too loose the “NO-GO” side of the gauge will enter freely To adjust it follow the same procedures as if it were to tight, but tighten the barrel

M2 Machine Gun Timing Timing - Ensures that firing takes place when the recoiling parts are between .020 and .116 inch out of the battery (fully forward).

M2 Machine Gun Timing Correct when: recoiling parts are locked together Firing takes place just before the recoiling parts are in the battery The gun fires on the “FIRE” gauge And WILL NOT on the “NO-FIRE” gauge

M2 Machine Gun Timing Adjustment Checked with the “FIRE” (.020 in) and “NO-FIRE” (.116 in) gauges Must be checked and/or set each time headspace is adjusted and whenever timing is questionable

M2 Machine Gun Timing Adjustment Timing Adjustment Steps Check headspace first Ensure gun is cocked and bolt forward Raise the extractor Retract the bolt far enough to insert the “FIRE” gauge

M2 Machine Gun Timing Adjustment Timing Adjustment Steps Continued Place it between the extension and the trunnion block Allow the barrel extension to close on the gauge Depress the trigger, the firing pin should release

M2 Machine Gun Timing Adjustment Retract the bolt far enough to remove the “FIRE” gauge, cocking the gun and allow the bolt to go forward Retract the bolt far enough to insert the “NO-FIRE” gauge, place it in the same position Depress the trigger, the firing pin should not release

M2 Machine Gun Timing Adjustment Timing Late The firing pin will not release when the “FIRE” gauge in in place. If this happens perform the following: Remove “FIRE” gauge

M2 Machine Gun Timing Adjustment Remove backplate assembly Locate and turn the trigger bar adjusting nut one notch to the right Reinstall the backplate assembly Reinsert the “FIRE” gauge and test again

M2 Machine Gun Timing Adjustment Timing Early The firing pin will release when the “NO-FIRE” gauge in in place. If this happens perform the following: Perform the same steps as if it were late except turn the trigger bar adjusting nut on notch to the left

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.14 Describe the tactical purposes of the 60mm mortar Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

60mm Mortar

60mm Mortar Tactical Purpose of Weapon Enables fires over hills, forests, walls or other defenses Can reach far beyond flat trajectory weapons

60mm Mortar Crew is protected from enemy fire and observation Can be used as an offensive or defensive weapon

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.14 State two methods of firing the 60mm mortar Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

60mm Mortar Methods of Firing Conventional Mode The M7 baseplate, the sight unit, and the bipod are used. Handheld Mode Used on patrols with minimum deployment

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.15 Describe loading and unloading procedures for the 60mm mortar. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M224 60mm Mortar

60mm Mortar Loading Drop-Fire Method (Conventional mode) Drop round from top Hand-held Mode

60mm Mortar Loading

60mm Mortar Un-Loading Misfires - A round that has been dropped but failed to fire. A complete failure to fire. Immediate action - Switch to trigger mode and attempt to fire. If it fails again, switch selector to “safe” and kick the lower portion of the cannon to dislodge the round. If this fails attempt to trigger fire again.

60mm Mortar Un-Loading Finally, if this fails, ensure the selector is on safe, have the gunner slowly lift the base cap end as the a-gunner places their hands around the outer edge of the muzzle. As the round slides out the a-gunner stops it with their thumbs and removes it. It is then placed in the designated area.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.17 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the 60mm Mortar Length Weight Ammunition types Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Weapons Fundamentals Maximum Effective Range Maximum/Minimum elevations Propellant increment charges Safety Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1 and FM-23-99 Mortars.

60mm Mortar Length: 40 inches M7 Baseplate - 14.4 lbs Total weight complete - 46.5 lbs Cannon - 14.4 lbs M7 Baseplate - 14.4 lbs M8 Baseplate - 3.6 lbs M170 Bipod - 15.2 lbs

60mm Mortar Ammunition Types High Explosive (HE) - Used to destroy or cause casualties to personnel, emplacements and vehicles. Causes damage by blast, fire and fragmentation. Smoke, White Phosphorus (WP) - Used for screening, casualties, incendiary and signaling. Causes material damage by fire.

60mm Mortar Ammunition Types Illuminating (ILLUM) - A flare attached to a parachute. Used for battlefield illuminating and signaling. Training Practice (TP) - Similar to HE without explosive filler. Training - Completely inert.

Ranges of Ammunition High Explosive (HE) - 3490m/400-70m Smoke, White Phosphorus (WP) - 1630m/400-70m Illuminating (ILLUM) - 951m/NA Training Practice (TP) - 3490/NA Training - Completely inert NA Max/Min Elevation - 700-1600 mils

60mm Mortar Propellant increment charges Impact Fuze: causes the round to function when it comes in contact with an object. Graduated Time Fuzes: Causes the round to function at a prescribed time after the round is fired. Also known as Time Fuzes

60mm Mortar Propellant increment charges Variable Time Fuzes. Contain their own radio transmitter and receiver. They transmit a radio signal. This signal is reflected back to the fuze. As the round approaches an object, the strength of the reflected signal increases. The round explodes at a predetermined strength.

60mm Mortar Safety Safety If a crew member is within one meter of the muzzle during firing, hearing protection must be used. Never put your hands in front of the muzzle.

60mm Mortar Safety When cleaning the bore, be careful not to leave any waste on the firing pin.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.18 Describe the role and mission of the following. Forward Observer (FO) Fire Direction Center (FDC) Fire Support Coordinator (FSC) Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

60mm Mortar Forward Observer The “eyes” of the indirect fire team Primary mission is locating suitable targets and calling for and adjusting fire on these targets. Additional mission of collecting intelligence.

60mm Mortar Fire Direction Center Provides the CO with a way to control and quickly mass fires Located in the HQ’s section of the mortar platoon Processes the calls for fire by plotting them on the firing chart From this chart, firing data is prepared and announced to the gun crews

60mm Mortar Fire Support Coordinator Approves all calls for fire that are requested. De-conflicts different fire missions in TOAR Ensures data for fire missions is accurate

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.19 Describe the 40mm grenade launcher. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

40mm Grenade Launcher

40mm Grenade Launcher Description Light weight Single shot Breech loaded Pump action Shoulder fired weapon Attaches to the M16 rifle

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.20 Describe how the 40mm grenade launcher is held when fired. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

40mm Grenade Launcher Firing Positions Standing - Used with targets less than 100m. Face target then half right, Right hand pistol grip, left on magazine. Kneeling - Good for level ground or ground that slopes upward towards target. Place body perpendicular to target. Same firing position as standing.

40mm Grenade Launcher Firing Positions Prone - Same as with rifle. When firing long range place butt of weapon on the deck Holding the 40mm grenade launcher.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.21 Describe loading and unloading procedures for the 40mm grenade launcher. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

40mm Grenade Launcher Loading/Unloading Loading and Unloading Ensure the weapon is on safe Press the barrel latch and slide barrel forward Insert round into the chamber Slide the barrel closed Weapon is now loaded Open barrel to eject round to unload

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.22 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the 40mm Grenade Launcher Weight Ammunition type Maximum Effective Range Range(area target) Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Weapons Fundamentals Maximum Effective Range Range(point target) Maximum Range Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

40mm Grenade Launcher Weight Total weight unloaded - 3 lbs Total weight loaded - 3.5 lbs Total weight with M16 - 11 lbs

40mm Grenade Launcher Ammunition Types HE round - High explosive, designed to inflict personnel casualties. 5m casualty radius. Danger radius of 30m. Arms within 14m to 27m. HE air burst - Lands on the deck and bounces up 2m to explode. 5m casualty radius. Arms within 14m to 27m.

40mm Grenade Launcher Ammunition Types HEDP - High explosive, can penetrate 2 inches of steel. 5m casualty radius. TP - Training round with a flash signature. Danger radius of 20m

40mm Grenade Launcher Maximum effective range(area target) Max effective range (area tgt) - 350m Maximum effective range(point target) Max effective range (pt tgt) - 150m Max range - 400m

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.23 Describe the operation of the 12- gauge shotgun. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunner’s Mate

M500 12 Gauge Shotgun

12-Gauge Shotgun Operation Manually operated Single shot Magazine feed (tubular) Pump action Shoulder fired weapon

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.24 Describe loading and unloading procedures for the 12-gauge shotgun. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunner’s Mate

12-Gauge Shotgun Loading Single Load Ensure the weapon is on safe Press the action lock lever and slide barrel (fore-end) rearward

12-Gauge Shotgun Loading Insert round into the barrel chamber Slide the barrel closed Weapon is now loaded

12-Gauge Shotgun Loading Magazine Load Ensure the weapon is on safe Slide barrel (fore-end) forward Insert round into the magazine

12-Gauge Shotgun Loading Weapon is now loaded without round in chamber Open and close barrel to chamber a round Unloading Open barrel to eject round to unload

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.25 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the 12 gauge shotgun. Length Safeties Ammunition type Reference: NAVEDTRA 12443, Gunner’s Mate

12-Gauge Shotgun Length: 39 inches Safeties: Safety switch on top Ammunition type: 12 ga, 2 - 2 3/4 in 00 buck, military round

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.26 Describe the 5.56mm M16A2 rifle. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M16A2E3

M16A2 Rifle Description Lightweight Gas operated Air cooled Magazine fed Shoulder fired Semi-automatic or fully automatic

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.27 Describe how the 5.56mm M16A2 rifle is held when firing. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M16A2 Rifle How the weapon is held when fired. Shoulder fired Semi-automatic or fully automatic

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.28 Describe loading and unloading procedures for the the 5.56mm M16A2 rifle. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

M16A2 Rifle Loading Ensure the rifle is on safe With the bolt locked to the rear, insert a magazine. Release the bolt catch and allow the bolt to go forward. This chambers a round from the magazine. The rifle is now loaded and in condition one

M16A2 Rifle UnLoading Ensure the rifle is on safe After the last shot the bolt should lock to the rear. If so, just remove the magazine and inspect the chamber. If The bolt does not lock to the rear, pull the charging handle rearward and lock the bolt rearward using the bolt catch. Repeat the second step to complete the unloading process.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.29 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the M16A2 rifle Length Weight Maximum Range Maximum Effective Range Muzzle velocity

Weapons Fundamentals Safeties Magazine capacity Types of Ammunition Rates of Fire Modes of Fire Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1 and Fm 23-9, M16 Rifle Marksmanship

M16A2 Rifle Length: 39in with flash suppressor Weight: 7.8 lbs Maximum Range: 3600 meters

M16A2 Rifle Maximum Effective Range: Point Target 550 meters Area Target 800 meters Muzzle Velocity: 3100 fps

M16A2 Rifle Safeties: The rifle will not fire when placed in “safe” mode. Magazine capacity: 20 - 30 rounds

M16A2 Rifle Types of ammunition: 5.56mm Ball - Standard round 5.56mm Tracer - Used to mark targets or cause incendiary effects 5.56mm Blank - Training round 5.56mm Dummy - Totally inert for training

M16A2 Rifle Rates of Fire: Semi-Automatic: 45 round per minute Automatic: 90 rounds per minute Sustained: 12 to 15 rounds per minute

M16A2 Rifle Modes of Fire Semiautomatic Fire mode - The trigger must be pulled each shot. Automatic Fire mode - Rifle will continue to fire as long as the trigger is held back.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.30 State the six types of grenades. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Grenades

Grenades Six types of grenades Fragmentation Illumination Chemical Incendiary Smoke Practice

Fragmentation Grenades Used to produce casualties by high velocity projection of fragments Effective casualty producing radius is 15 meters M67 Fragmentation grenade

Illuminating Grenades Used to illuminate terrain in night time operations Once pin is pulled, GRENADE MUST BE THROWN! MK1 Illumination grenade

Chemical Grenades M25A2 CS Riot grenade Used for incendiary, screening, signaling, training and riot control purposes M25A2 CS Riot grenade

Incendiary Grenades AN-M14 Incendiary grenade Used to ignite combustible material and destroy all types of equipment AN-M14 Incendiary grenade

Smoke Grenades Used to screen movement, mark targets and signal M15 WP M8 Smoke Grenade

Practice Training Grenades Used to train personnel in the care, handling, and use of grenades prior to using actual service grenades. M57 grenade

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.31 State hand grenade safety procedures. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Grenades Safety All personnel handling casualty producing grenades must wear proper protection Never attempt to de-fuse hand grenades Do not remove the safety pin until ready to throw Do not attach grenades to clothing or equipment.

Grenades Safety Riot control grenades should not be thrown within 5 meters of personnel Smoke grenades should not be used in closed areas Wait 5 min before approaching a dud Wait 30 min before approaching a chemical dud

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.32 Describe the uses of fragmentation and chemical hand grenades. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Grenades Fragmentation Grenade Used to produce casualties by high velocity projection of fragments M67 Fragmentation grenade

Grenades Chemical Grenade Used for incendiary, screening, signaling, training and riot control purposes M25A2 CS Riot grenade

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.33 State when, if ever, the safety pin of the MK 1 illuminating grenade can be replaced. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Illuminating Grenades Once pin is pulled, GRENADE MUST BE THROWN! NEVER REPLACE THE SAFETY PIN MK1 Illumination grenade

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.34 Describe the M18A1 Claymore mine. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Claymore Mine

Claymore Mine Description A directional, fixed-fragmentation mine that is designed primarily for use against massed infantry attacks. It is equipped with a fixed plastic, slit type sight, adjustable legs and two detonator wells.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.35 Describe the placement, arming and safety requirements of the Claymore mine Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Claymore Mine Placement Should be sighted on a point 8 ft high at a distance of 50 meters.

Claymore mine Arming Arming Pull tape tab from blasting cap. Lay wire between mine and firing position, wrap wire around leg of mine and bury if possible.

Claymore mine Arming Arming Insert cap into either detonating well and lock with shipping plug-priming adapter. Recheck aiming of mine.

Claymore mine Safety The safety bail on the firing device has two positions. When up it is in the “safe” position. Down is the “fire” position.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.36 Describe the coverage and methods of fire for the Claymore mine. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Claymore mine Coverage Effective coverage - Placement no closer than 5 m and no farther apart than 45 m. A preferred lateral and rearward separation distance is approximately 25 meters.

Claymore mine Coverage The first 50 m at a 60 deg angle is considered the kill zone 100 m is moderately effective 250 m in dangerous 100m behind the mine is the danger area

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.37 Describe the 84mm M136 (AT-4). Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

84mm M136 (AT-4)

84mm M136 (AT-4) Description Lightweight Self contained anti-armor weapon Free flight fin stabilized cartridge packed in an expendable launcher One piece Right shoulder fired only Man-portable

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.38 Describe how to hold the AT4 when firing. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

84mm M136 (AT-4) Standing - Used when firing on moving or stationary targets from behind a protective barrier such as a wall or barricade. Most unstable and exposed position.

84mm M136 (AT-4)

84mm M136 (AT-4) Kneeling - Used for firing on moving or stationary targets. Maximum use of support is essential for stability Sitting - Used for firing on stationary targets. More suitable than kneeling position.

84mm M136 (AT-4)

84mm M136 (AT-4)

84mm M136 (AT-4) Prone - The least stable position. Affords the most protection. The danger area extends for 60m with a 90 degree angle behind the weapon The weapon must not have any obstructions closer than 5 m to the rear of the weapon.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.39 State the following capabilities/characteristics of the AT4 Length Weight Maximum Range Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Weapons Fundamentals Maximum Effective Range Muzzle velocity Controls Ammunition

Weapons Fundamentals Misfire procedures Minimum arming range Safeties Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1

AT4 Length: 40 inches Weight: Fully loaded 14.8 lbs Maximum Range: 2100 meters Maximum Effective Range: 300 meters

AT4 Muzzle Velocity: 950 fps Ammunition: Tactical cartridge, 18 inches long, high explosive, anti-tank (HEAT)

AT4 Controls Transport Safety Pin. Blocks the movement of the firing pin and prevents it from striking the cartridge percussion cap.

AT4 Controls Cocking Lever: When the cocking lever is in the SAGE position, there is no contact between the firing rod and the trigger. Forward Safety. Prevents the firing rod from striking the firing pin.

AT4 Misfire Procedures Causes - A complete failure to fire caused by a faulty firing mechanism or faulty element in the propellant charge. Action: Shout “misfire” Maintain sight picture

AT4 Misfire Procedures Release safety catch Re-cock the weapon Check back blast area and attempt to fire Repeat if necessary

AT4 Misfire Procedures If still fails, release safety catch and return cocking lever to the safe position. Reinsert the transport safety pin, lay weapon on ground and notify chain of command. Minimum arming range: 10 meters

AT4 Safety Precautions Take care in selecting positions for firing. Avoid areas that could cause you to fire through a screen of brush or trees. Impact with a twig or branch may deflect the rocket or cause it to detonate. You must try to obtain concealment, but not at the risk of safety.

AT4 Safety Precautions To prevent the rocket from striking the foreground and causing serious injury to personnel, maintain the launcher in the firing position until the rocket has left the launcher. Avoid the blast of flame and ejected residue to the rear of the launcher. Remove flammable material , such as dry vegetation, from the backblast area.

AT4 Safety Precautions Keep personnel and ammunition clear of the rear danger area unless adequate shelter protection is provided. Sand or loose dirt in the backblast area can also reveal your position to the enemy. Do not fire rockets at temperatures below -40 F or above 140 F. Never fire a damaged weapon.

AT4

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.40 Describe the use and purpose of the range card as it relates to each weapon system. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2

Range Cards Cards are the basis for the fire plan at the company level. Each crew served weapon will have one. All supporting fires, security sectors and defensive coordination are planned using the machine gun’s fire as the base from which to build.

Range Cards Two cards are prepared, one for the gun and the other goes to higher HQ. Cards should be passed on to relieving units. Patrols can use your card to locate FPL’s and identify dead space. Cards must be neat and prepared using a universal format.

Range Cards Gun Identification Block - Identifies what gun the card belongs to and the date it was drawn.

Range Cards Weapon Symbol - Single dot for the gun and a solid arrow extending out along the FPL or PDF.

Range Cards Magnetic Orientation Line and Location Grid Coordinates - A means for others to positively locate your gun position. The line is drawn from a prominent terrain feature that is located behind friendly lines. The grid coordinates are recorded next to the dot in the machine gun symbol.

Range Cards Sector Limits - Drawn as broken lines ending in arrow heads. If using an FPL only one sector limit will be drawn because one will be the same as the FPL.

Range Cards Grazing Fires - If an FPL is used, a heavy shaded area is drawn along the inside of the FPL. This will indicate the limits of grazing fire obtainable. Any dead space is shown by breaks in the shading. Record the near and far limits of the dead space in meters or record the range next to the ends of the shaded areas.

Range Card Symbols Terrain Features - Draw only those terrain features that significantly add to the clarity of the range card. If the feature is drawn, draw it to the correct perspective. Wooded area hill

Range Card Symbols Location of Friendly Troops or Equipment - Draw any friendly positions or equipment that is either in or near the sector limits of the machine gun. Water tower 1st Sqd

Range Card Symbols Targets - Draw targets to perspective and label them with a number. The number one target will be either the FPL or the left sector limit. If the FPL is on the right sector limit, number all other targets sequentially from right to left. All other times number from left to right.

Range Card Symbols One method is to record data directly on the sketch along the leading line to the target. The other method is to use the data block of the card.

Sample Range Card 2 AB1001 400m 300m 1st Sqd 3rd Sqd 2nd Sqd

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.41 Describe the effectiveness and employment of early warning devices and pyrotechnics Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1.

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics Trip Flares Booby Traps Explosive Devices Non-explosive Devices

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics Trip Flares Used primarily to illuminate and to give warning of attacking or infiltrating enemy troops. Place along a likely avenue of approach and activated by the enemy. Normally not used in any other operation other than defensive.

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics Booby Traps Can be explosive or non-explosive. Used primarily to incapacitate, wound or kill and unsuspecting person when they disturb a apparently harmless object. There are improvised and manufactured

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics Improvised - Constructed from standard firing devices, explosives, weapons, missiles or other materials used for other purposes. Manufactured - Standard devices made at a factory. Made to look like useful objects.(books, pipes or bottled drinks)

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics Explosive Devices Booby traps laid along paths and trails to delay and frustrate patrols and foot troops. Most are improvised with either pressure release, pull or pull release devices.

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics Grenade Trap - Setup with wire to pull pin when tripped over. Grenade in can - Grenade in can with pin removed. Trip wire pulls grenade from can. Mud Ball Mine - Grenade packed in mud. Mud dries and cracks grenade explodes.

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics Non-Explosive Devices All are improvised with locally available material. Either pressure release, pull or pull release devices. Punji Stakes - Bamboo spikes placed in the ground protruding just enough to produce injury.

Early Warning Devices and Pyrotechnics Foot Traps - Small pits combined with spike boards placed along paths or trails. Deadfalls - Various devices are suspended above jungle paths and trails. Designed to fall or swing in an arc and strike victims as they pass below.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.42 Describe the tactical employment and purpose of naval Mobile Construction Battalion weapon systems. Reference: NAVEDTRA 12004, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 2.

Weapons Systems Automatic Rifleman - M16 rifle, backbone of the defense of the squad. Positioned first by the squad leader. The remainder of the fire team is positioned around the automatic rifles.

Weapons Systems Rifleman - M16 rifle, positioned so they can cover the entire fire team sector. The position must provide support and protection for the Automatic rifleman.

Weapons Systems Grenadier - M203 grenade launcher, positioned to cover the dead space in the defense. M60E3 - Support the rifleman in the offense and defense. Provide heavy volumes of controlled fires. Provide FPF’s. Cover likely avenues of approach. Provide grazing fire.

Weapons Systems M2 .50 Cal Machine Gun - Provide protection for motorized movement. Destroy lightly armored vehicles. Defend against low-flying hostile aircraft. MK19 40mm Grenade Launcher - Used to provide direct and indirect firing. Role is similar to the M60E3 and M2.

Weapons Systems AT-4 - Used against armored personnel carriers. Can be used to disable a battle tank (mobility kill) if struck properly

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.43 Describe the various rates of fire. Rapid Sustained Cyclic Reference: FM 23-9 M16 Marksmanship.

Rates of Fire Rapid - 150 to 200 rounds per minute Sustained - 12 to 15 rounds per minute Cyclic - 700 to 800 rounds per minute

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.44 Describe the various methods of fire. Grazing Plunging Overhead Fixed Traversing Searching

Weapons Fundamentals Combined searching and traversing Swinging traverse Free Reference: NAVEDTRA 12003, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1

Methods of Fire Grazing - Not less than 1m above and no higher than 68 inches above the ground. Can exist for 700m over level or evenly sloping ground. Plunging - Fire that strikes the ground from above at a considerable level. Beaten zone is considered the danger space.

Methods of Fire Overhead - Fire delivered over the heads of troops. Usually plunging fire Overhead Fixed fire - for targets requiring only one aiming point. Continuous as long as target remains in the zone of fire.

Methods of Fire Searching fire - Distributed in depth by changing the elevation of the gun. Used against deep targets, firing a burst each time elevation changes. Traversing fire - Distributed in width by changing the horizontal direction of the gun. Firing a burst each time the gun changes direction.

Methods of Fire Combined Traversing & Searching - Distributed in width & depth by changing the elevation and horizontal direction of the gun.

Methods of Fire Swinging Traverse fire - Delivered against targets to wide to cover the traversing hand wheel. Also used on targets moving so rapidly across the gunner’s front they cannot maintain effective fire using the traversing hand wheel. Cannot be fired from bipod or vehicles.

Methods of Fire Free gunfire - Delivered from the tripod mount against targets requiring rapid and major changes in direction and elevation. Can also be used from a vehicle mount when the target cannot be covered adequately by aiming points. Cannot be fired from bipod mount.

Weapons Fundamentals PQS Question 104.45 Describe the use and purpose of the following Night Observation Devices. AN/PVS-4 (individual) AN/PVS-5 (crew serve)

Weapons Fundamentals AN/PVS-7C (night goggles) AN/PVS-11 (pocket scope) Reference: TM-5855-214-10, Night Vision Sight, Crew Served Weapon

Weapons Fundamentals TM-11-5855-213-23&P, Night Vision Sight, Individual Weapon TM-SW215-AK-MNO-010, Night Vision Sight, Individual Goggles NAVSEA OP 4067, Operators Manual for AN/VPS-11, Pocket Scope Night Vision Device

AN/PVS-4

Night Vision Devices AN/PVS-4 (Individual) AN/PVS-4 - Individual use. Portable, battery operated, electro - optical instrument used for observation and aimed fire of weapons at night. Magnification - 3.6x Range - 400-600m (man size tgt)

AN/PVS-5

Night Vision Devices AN/PVS-5 (Crew Serve) AN/PVS-5 - Crew served and M16 use. Portable, battery operated, electro - optical instrument used for observation and aimed fire of weapons at night. Magnification - 5.6x Range - 1000-1200m (vehicle size tgt)

AN/PVS-7C

Night Vision Devices AN/PVS-7C (Night Goggles) AN/PVS-7C - Hand held or head mounted night vision system that enables walking, driving, weapon firing, short range surveillance, map reading and vehicle maintenance in both moonlight and starlight. Range - min 9.8”

Night Vision TOA AD AE NIGHT VISION GOGGLES 10 27 CSW NIGHT VISION SIGHT 4 8 INDIVIDUAL WEAP SIGHT 4 9 NIGHT VISION POCKETSCOPE 2 8