English Minimal Pairs bit pit pan pang seat sit

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Presentation transcript:

English Minimal Pairs bit pit pan pang seat sit beat bit bait bet bat bite

Mandarin Minimal Pairs 1 幹 gan do 看 kan see 子 zi child 紙 zhi paper 把 ba grasp 筆 bi pen

Mandarin Minimal Pairs 2 籃 lan basket 狼 lang wolf 獅 shi lion 石 shi stone 子 zi master 子 zi N Suffix

Free Variation tomato either neither economics Fromkin, Victoria, & Robert Rodman. 1998. An Introduction to Language, sixth edition. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, p. 257.

English Nasal Vowels [ i ] be bead bean [ i ] [ e ] lay lace lame [ e ] [  ] baa bad bang [  ] Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 261.

Distinctive Features b m d n g  p Stop + + + + + + + Voiced + + + + + + - Labial + + - - - - + Alveolar - - + + - - - Velar - - - - + + - Nasal - + - + - + - Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 267.

Predictability: Phonological Rule or Not Nasal Vowel English Predictable allophones French Unpredictable phonemes Aspiration English Predictable allophones Mandarin Unpredictable phonemes Vowel length English Irrelevant allophones Japanese Unpredictable phonemes

Major Natural Classes Obstruents Nasals Liquids Glides Vowels Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, pp. 270-271.

Major Natural Classes CLASS O N L G V FEATURE Consonantal + + + - - Sonorant - + + + + Syllabic - +/- +/- - + Nasal - +/- - - +/- Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 271.

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Dissimilation -al -ar anecdot-al angul-ar annu-al annul-ar ment-al column-ar pen-al perpendicul-ar spiritu-al simil-ar ven-al vel-ar Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2007. An Introduction to Language, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, p. 277.

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German Final Consonants 1 German Gloss Bild picture / bld / / blt / blieb remained / blib / / blip / Weg way / veg / / vek / Fremd foreign / frmd / / frmt / Gelb yellow / glb / / glp / Zug train / tsug / / tsuk / Cipollone, Nick, Steven Hartman Keiser & Shravan Vasishth, editors. 1998. Language Files, 7th edition. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, p. 102.

German Final Consonants 2 German Gloss bleiben to remain / blaibn / / blaibn / Vogel bird / fogl / / fogl / Baum tree / baum / / baum / schnell fast / nl / / nl / Cipollone, Nick, Steven Hartman Keiser & Shravan Vasishth, editors. 1998. Language Files, 7th edition. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, p. 102.