Stakeholders and End-users Fishermen/Aquaculturists Tourists Farmers Tourist industry Local authority NGO’s Industry Environmental engineers/water treatment Local residents Politicy makers (regional/national) Researchers/Scientists/ Water managers

Ecosystem services Denitrification (wetland) Flooding and Coastal defense (Mangroves) Fish nursery (seagrasses) Habitat for birds/fish Biodiversity Water supply Dilution of pollutants Depuration Organic matter production Carbon sequestration Climate regulation Sediment and biogeochemical buffering Tourism and leisure

Goods Water Sustainable harvesting of shellfish and inter-tidal organisms Sustainable fishing and hunting Pharmaceuticals (esp algae) Energy (tidal, offshore wind farms) Sustainable Grazing (eg saltmarsh lamb) Mining, sediment, coral, peat Aquarium fish and caged birds (convert to breeding or rearing) Sustainable plant and wood harvesting (baskets, rods, biomass….) Curios (shells, tortoises) BAN or REGULATE

Management Options Environmental education and awareness raising, public participation Conflict resolution Restore or increase wetland Regulate fishing Encourage ecotourism Treat domestic, industrial and farm effluents Regulate industrial and urban development Regulate access and exclusion zones Encourage breeding or rearing of birds and aquarium fish BAN or REGULATE Curios (shells, tortoises) Relocation of vulnerable populations Moorings, diving zones Restocking/replanting eg riperian vegetation Monitoring

Policy Issues Water policy and Standards for water quality Integrated management plan Subsidies/Fines/Tax Fertilizer use limits Grants for research Energy Policy Fishing policy Conservation and protection of species, habitat and biodiversity Industrial emission policy and limits Resource recovery and sustainability