Ingegneria Senza Frontiere - Trento - Italy Technology for human development: sustainable management of geothermal resources in South Peru Feasibility study Working Group of ISF: A. Tomasi, S. Nicolodi, G. Bertoldi, R. Wolf, A. Cemin, G. Guglieri, M. Grigiante, M. Ragazzi.

Preliminary questions - Which development model have we in our mind ? - Which development model have our project partners? - How to negotiate between those different ideas? A participative idea of cooperation !

Geographical Context Chivay - Department of Arequipa - South Perù. Poor mountain region between 3300 and 3800 m elevation. Cold climate, especially at night. Recent development of tourisms (but not everywhere). Canyon del Colca and hot springs. Public baths La Calera (used by tourist and local population). Department of de Arequipa Chivay

Resource available: renewable geothermal energy Excess heat is loss in the environment Two main hot springs used (T= 69 C, flow of 4,9 e 1,8 l/s) Several other natural hot springs Thermal Baths La Calera in Chivay

Needs analysis (I) Not completely used resource Too high temperatures to bathing: cooling without heat retrieval Cool climate during night No heating in buildings. Need of more hot not- thermal water for the thermal baths Used only 3 of 5 available pools Maximum and minimum mean monthly temperature

Needs analysis (II) Do not exist any heating for the new hospital (as for each public and private building). Low temperatures can create health problems Is it a primary or secondary need ? Which culture feels this need? Are there other priorities ?

Phase 1 (Italy): project design, preliminary analysis. Phase 2 (Perù): local survey, technical data collection (October-December 2002). Phase 3 (Italy and Perù): common development of the project (up to now). Social feasibility leaded by El Taller Phase 4 (Italy): financial resource collection Phase 5 (Perù): project implementation Development of a cooperation project University of Trento ISF-TNEl Taller University of Arequipa Environmental issues in the Caylloma District (Arequipa) Waste treatment in Arequipa Sanitation of mining pollution in Colca Valley Management of geothermal resources Partners in Italy Partners in Perù

Technical possibilities Using geothermal heat for: Whole village heating Heating of the new hospital Sanitary water for the hospital Increasing capacity of the existing thermal baths Use of exceeding heat for greenhouses Preliminary technical survey by 2 students of Italy and 1 student of Perù Local support given by El Taller and University of Arequipa La Calera hot springs New Chivay hospital Water transport: 3 km insulated pipeline to Chivay hospital

General scheme of purposes GEOTHERMIC RESOURCE COLCA VALLEY CHIVAY WARM SPRINGS New hospitalBaths upgrading greenhouses Heat exchangesSearch new hot springs

DAILY ENERGY NEEDS DURING THE COLDEST MONTH (JULY) Whole village heating: MJ/day New hospital heating: 4364 MJ/ day Sanitary hot water for the new hospital: 1072 MJ/ day Sanitary hot water for thermal baths: 1340 MJ/ day Energy Budget Available Energy: MJ/day Heating the whole village is technically not feasible!

Hot water transport: appropriate technology? COMMERCIAL SOLUTIONS (Socologstor) ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION Steal pipes with straw insulation: Cost : 13US$/m Heat loss :0,9°C/km Easy substitution material, more people employing Socopex System: PEX insulated pipes Cost: 36US$/m Heat loss: 0,6°C/km Easy construction Bonded System : steal insulated pipes Cost : 14,5US$/m + 22US$ for each junction Heat loss : 0,7 °C/km Easy construction

New hospital heating Plant characteristics Heaters (simple technology) Floor panels (new technology) Water temperature: 35°C Water temperature:70°C Is needed warm up water Solar panelsGas boiler Fuel saving: 2/3

Technical feasibility Hospital Heating La Calera Upgrading HEAT EXCHANGE First step Floor panels heating (Water temperature less than 50 Celsius) Uses of other hot springs Floor panels: is it an appropriate technology ? Are there technical capabilities for construction and management ? Is this solution economically and socially sustainable ? Hot water transportation

Next Step Cooperation between ISF - El Taller - Municipality di Chivay - University of Arequipa Creation of network of local actors Social feasibility study: impacts of the project on the local contest … from technical project to community project … Sharing the project with the local community

Expected results Better conditions in the hospital. Further development of hot baths (most important income in the village). Further development of tourisms (in a sustainable way). Improve knowledge on local resources (spring locations, amount and quality of water). Create a model of renewable resources using applicable in other places in Perù. Support collaborations among local groups. Peer contact between universities and students of both sides. Empowerment of both partners. Project as a continuous and long term process. Building strong partnership as a priority on starting project. Relevance of feasibility studies within the project cycle. Point of discussion