The Reproductive System BrainPOP: Reproductive System

Your body makes body cells and sex cells. Body cells  bone cells, muscle cells, blood cells, etc. Sex cells  egg (in females) and sperm (in males)

Parts of the Reproductive Systems MALE FEMALE Penis Scrotum Testes (testicles) Vas deferens (sperm duct) Epididymis Seminal vesicle Urethra Sperm (spermatozoon- singular, spermatozoa-plural) Vagina Cervix Uterus Oviduct (Fallopian tube) Ovaries Egg (ovum- singular, ova-plural) * Females also have a urethra, but its purpose is for urination, not reproduction!

(sperm duct) Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Penis

(Oviduct)

Ovum (egg cell) Female sex cell Contains half of the genetic information (DNA) necessary for a complete organism Can typically be seen by the naked eye (when fully matured) About 0.12 mm

Sperm cell Male sex cell Contains half the genetic information (DNA) necessary for a complete organism Only about 0.005 mm

What is sexual reproduction? When two sex cells (sperm and egg) come together to produce a new unique organism. A fertilized egg is called a zygote. FEED ME! = BBC Bite Size: Reproduction

You were the once the fastest swimmer! Only one sperm will make it into an egg. Once the egg is penetrated by one sperm, its membrane changes and does not allow any more in! Baby Center: Fertilization

Pathway of Sperm Out of the Body Show the path taken by sperm starting with the testes and ending with leaving the body Sperm leaves the testes (where they were produced) and are stored in the epididymis. Then, sperm travels through the sperm duct (vas deferens). Sperm cells mix with fluid, called semen, from the seminal vesicle and prostate gland. This provides the sperm with liquid to be able to swim, and food so that they have energy. The sperm duct connects to the urethra ... which carries the sperm out of the body. This is called ejaculation. Pathway of Sperm Out of the Body

Fun Fact! A female is born with over 1 million eggs in her ovaries. By the time she reaches puberty, she'll have about 300,000 eggs left. Of these, only about 300 eggs will mature and be released during her reproductive years. All eggs are stored in a woman's ovaries.

Puberty: What's Happening to my Body?

What is puberty and what happens? Puberty is a time in your life when your body changes from a child’s to an adult’s. Usually happens between 10-15 years of age. Happens faster/slower and sooner/later in different people. After puberty, your bodies are able to reproduce. Girls – Start to release eggs Boys – Start to make sperm cell

Some changes that may occur… Girls Boys Get taller and heavier Hips get wider and more curvy Face changes shape Oily skin and hair, pimples Voices get a little deeper Hair grows under the armpits and around the genitals Hair on arms and legs grows darker Breasts get larger Body sweats more Internal and external sex organs grow May have mood swings, sexual thoughts and feelings. Get taller and heavier Nose and jaw get bigger Face changes shape Get more muscles Oily skin and hair, pimples Body sweats more Hair grows on the face, under armpits, around the genitals May get more hair on arms, legs and chest Voice gets deeper Penis and testicles grow May have mood swings, sexual thoughts and feelings

The Menstrual Cycle Hormones control the entire menstrual cycle! The menstrual cycle of a human female averages 28 days.

** Egg must be fertilized within 24 hours or it usually breaks down** PHASE 1 PHASE 2 Starts with menstrual flow- blood and tissue released from uterus. This is called menstruation and usually lasts 4 to 6 days. Hormones cause uterus lining to thicken Ovulation- the release of an egg from an ovary. ** Egg must be fertilized within 24 hours or it usually breaks down**

What is ovulation? When egg is released from a female’s ovary and travels through the Fallopian tube (oviduct) every month.

If the egg is NOT fertilized… If no sperm fertilizes the egg, it will continue to travel through the Fallopian tubes to the uterus and then exit the body through the vagina. Kids Health: Menstruation Animation

If the egg is fertilized… The female is now pregnant! The combination of the egg and sperm is called a zygote. The cells in the zygote then begin mitosis (to divide) and grow.

Emission- “discharge” Nocturnal Emission Nocturnal- “night” Emission- “discharge” Also called a “wet dream”. This is a completely natural event that occurs when a male ejaculates in his sleep. Some boys experience this sometime during puberty as a result of the body making testosterone.

Stages of baby development Pregnancy Stages of baby development

A human baby will have a complete set of 46 chromosomes in the nucleus of all its cells. (23 from the mother, 23 from the father) The last set of chromosomes determines the sex of the baby.

Chromosome Numbers in Other Organisms Animals Plants Shrimp 92 Dog 78 Cow 60 Elephant 56 Dolphin 44 Mosquito 6 Cotton plant 52 Pineapple 50 Potato 48 Mango 40 Rice 24 Bean 22

Girl? Boy? or

What are some important things that happen during this time? Weeks What are some important things that happen during this time? 1-9 10-14 15-20 21-27 28-37 Labor/Birth

While watching the following videos, fill in your “Pregnancy Stages Chart” with details about the baby’s development. Baby Center: Weeks 1-9 Weeks 10-14 Weeks 15-20 Weeks 21-27 Weeks 28-37

Labor and Birth While watching this video, fill in your chart with any changes that the female body goes through to prepare for child birth. Labor and Birth

Menopause POSSIBLE SYMPTOMS: Menopause is when a woman’s ovaries stop producing estrogen, she stops ovulating and no longer gets her period. Usually happens at 45 to 60 years of age. Women cannot get pregnant after this happens. POSSIBLE SYMPTOMS: -hot flashes -mood changes

Ask the Experts! http://kidshealth.org/teen/