C.E.R. CLAIMS: A conclusion that answers the original question. EVIDENCE: Scientific data that supports the claim. The data needs to be appropriate and sufficient to support the claim. REASONING: A justification that links the claim to the evidence. It shows why the data counts as evidence by using appropriate and sufficient scientific principles.

C.E.R. Scenario #1 An inconsiderate slob dumped trash on Rachel Rabbit's lawn. One of these two suspects is guilty. Slylock Fox found evidence that may identify the loathsome litterbug. Who dumped trash on Rachel Rabbit's lawn?

C.E.R. Scenario #1 Prompt: Who dumped trash on Rachel Rabbit's lawn? Claim: Raccoon dumped trash on Rachel Rabbit’s lawn. Evidence: While examining the trash, fish bones were found. This type of food is eaten by omnivores and carnivores. The bull is a herbivore, which only eat plants. The raccoon is an omnivore, which eat plants and animals. Reasoning: Since the raccoon is an omnivore and eats both plants and animals. The trash must have been dumped on Rachel Rabbit’s lawn by the raccoon.

Nina saw the three musketeers in the mall. Jenny, Brittany, and Mitzi called themselves by that name because they always were together. "I've been shopping for sandals," Jenny told Nina. "But I have such a wide foot nothing seems to fit. "And it's been slow going," Mitzi added. "On account of Brittany's-" "I know," Nina said looking at Brittany, "I heard you sprained your ankle in gym yesterday. Does it still hurt a lot?" "It's okay," Brittany told her. "We're going to get ice cream now. Want to join us?" "Better not,” Nina said, “ Max is meeting me at home. See you later." Nina was taking a short cut through Harborville's city park when she saw Mr. Hansen kneeling beside a new sidewalk. The city maintenance man frowned. "Somebody jumped right in the middle while the cement was still wet," he said, pointing at two narrow footprints embedded in the cement. "Now I'll have to rip out this section and re-do it.” "Any idea of who did it?" Nina asked. "A kid over there on the slide said that girls named Brittany, Mitzi, and Jenny were the only ones near here. But he doesn't know which one ruined my sidewalk." "I know who did it," Nina declared. Whose footprints were embedded in the cement? C.E.R. Scenario #2

Prompt: Whose footprints were embedded in the cement? Claim: Mitzi’s footprints are embedded in the cement. Evidence: While examining the foot prints, it was observed that the feet were narrow and the witness noticed Brittany, Mitzi, and Jenny near the park at the time. Reasoning: Since Jenny has a wide foot and Brittany has a sprained foot. The footprint embedded in the cement must have been left by Mitzi. She has narrow feet and was with Jenny and Brittany that day near the park. C.E.R. Scenario #2