Evolution of the Williston Basin Drilling Pad ;

Drilling Pad What affects a drilling pad Types of pads in North Dakota Advances in pad construction

What affects a drilling pad Placement Geology Unit spacing Topography Protected Easements Road infrastructure Gathering infrastructure Flood potential Erosion control City / county / state regulation Size Rig foot print Number of wells Battery size Flare orientation Panic line distance Topography Necessary Frac crew space Solids control plan Construction Soil Moisture Number of wells on pad (Traffic Volume) Weather Seasonal consideration of operations

Prehistoric Drilling Pad (pre 2000’s ) A thing of the PAST

Single Well Pad Purpose: HBP and Test a spacing unit Size: 300’x500’

Dual Well Pad Purpose: Develop a single 1280 and minimize impact Allows for full development with only 4 locations Size: 300’x550’

Three Well Pad Purpose: Develop a full 2560 acre spacing unit and minimize impact of foot print Size: 395’x550’

Eco Pad Four Wells Purpose: Develop a full 2560 acre spacing unit & minimize foot print Size: 395’x550’ SIMULTANEOUS OPERATIONS Four Well Eco Pad: 550’x700’

Eco Well Pad

10 Cyclone # 28

Multi Well Pad Purpose: Meet requirements for multiple wells Minimize impact Overcome rough terrain, & access issues (water) Size: Wells 550 x 750

Multi Well Pad

13 Cyclone #2 Total Footage: Day 80

Lifecycle of Drilling Pads Scoria – 2 yrs. – Avg. maintenance $5-7K / yr. Gravel – 5 yrs. – Avg. maintenance $2-4K / yr. Textile Reinforced – 7 – Avg. maintenance $1.5-3K / yr. Cement Stabilized – 10 – Avg. maintenance $ / yr.

Materials to Extend Lifecycle of Pads 2 ply wood mats: wood mats interlocking form surface on location Composite mats: Composite mat systems form surface on location Reinforced Geotextiles: High strength fabrics for separation & reinforcement of soil and aggregate Geo Cell System: Plastic 3-D soil confinement system Cement Stabilization: Blending cement with native soil to create a more durable surface.

2-Ply Wood Mats - OK Advantages: Less expensive Available Disadvantages: Absorb Liquid Damage Easily Slip & trip hazard when wet Cost $2.50 / sq. yd.

Composite Mats - Good Advantages: Light weight, easy to move More durable Low or no work over pad cost when placed over surfacing Minimize days to sales Disadvantages: Leasing - Mats not for sale Time to place on location High demand Cost $5.00 / sq. yd.

Geotextiles - Good Advantages One size fits all solution Deployed quickly Disadvantages Not easily removed Difficult to “repair” Life and stability of material is dependant upon load size, traffic, water Cost $4.00 – 7.00 / sq. yd.

Geo Cell System - Better Advantages Reduce vertical and lateral movement Less surface material required Product life estimated 25 years Can be placed in low temps where cement cannot Disadvantages Labor intensive to place Cost $7.50 – / sq. yd.

Cement Stabilization - Best Advantages Reduces Trucking Impacts – Less surfacing material Harder sub-grade Lower maintenance Disadvantages Must be placed in temps above 40°F Time for shipping and coordinating product Preplanning of battery, electrical, flow lines, etc. Cost $7.50 – / sq. yd.