Section 3.3 – Phases Changes

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
PHASE CHANGES SECTION 3.3.
Advertisements

Do Now: Silently, independently you 10 minutes If you finish early you may read silently and independently Have your homework out on the top right corner.
Phase Changes – Changes of State SI. Kinetic Theory of Matter All matter is made up of atoms and molecules that act as tiny particles. These tiny particles.
CHANGE OF PHASE Matter exists in three common phases: solid, liquid and gas.
3.3 Phase Changes.
Changes of State.
States of Matter Chapter 3.
What are the three common states of matter? Solid, plasma, liquid Liquid, Gas, Plasma Solid, Liquid, Gas None of the above.
The Nature of Energy u Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat. u It exists in two basic forms, potential energy and kinetic energy.
Phase Changes Section 17.3 in YOUR book.
3.3 Phase Changes A large iceberg contains enough fresh water to supply millions of people with water for a year. As it moves into warmer areas, the ice.
Matter. Review States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma.
A large iceberg contains enough fresh water to supply millions of people with water for a year. As it moves into warmer areas, the ice changes to liquid.
Unit 1 – Physical Properties of Matter Lesson 3. C : Explain the process of melting, solidification, sublimation, and deposition in terms of the.
Heating and Cooling Curves of Water
Chapter 3: States of Matter
STATES OF MATTER. 3-1 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES Materials can be classified as solids liquids, or gases, based on whether their shapes and volumes are.
Chapter 3 Quiz By: Will Saunders & Chris Murray 8 th Block-LaFever-10/9/08.
Physical Science Mr. Moss RHS.  When 2 states are present at the same time, we describe each as a phase.  Here, we see 2 phases of water: ◦ Solid Phase.
State Changes How matter changes forms. What is energy?  Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
State Changes How matter changes forms. What is energy?  Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
Phase Changes. Three States of Water Water is an abundant substance on Earth. It can be found as a solid, a liquid, and as a gas called water vapor. 1.How.
State Changes How matter changes forms Physical Science.
STATES OF MATTER CHAPTER 3. SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES 3.1.
TrueFalseStatementTrueFalse Solids have a definite shape and volume, and their particles do not move Liquids have definite shape, not volume, and their.
States of Matter Phase Change. Water Water exists on our planet in three states. Ice, water, and water vapor What causes water to be in one phase or another?
Chp Phase Changes Pg Characteristics of Phase Changes  When at least two states of a substance are present, each state is described as.
Section 3 Phase Changes.
STATES OF MATTER Unit 6 Ch 3.2 Ppt Describing the states of matter… Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes.
A large iceberg contains enough fresh water to supply millions of people with water for a year. As it moves into warmer areas, the ice changes to liquid.
Changes in State Chapter 2 Section 2. Energy How does the ice go from being a solid back to being a liquid? Energy is the ability to do work Energy.
Section 3.3 Phase Changes.
Phase Changes Notes on 3.3 Temperature  Temperature will not change during a phase change.  Once a substance reaches the temperature required for a.
Phase Changes.
States of Matter I. Describing the States of Matter: A. Solids – is the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and volume. 1. The word.
3.3 Phase Changes What are six common phase changes?
Phase Changes.  A PHASE CHANGE is a reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another  The temperature.
Chapters 13 & 17 Phases and Heat. Phases There are three phases, or states, that we will discuss  Solid  Liquid  Gas.
List and define the three states of matter. S-94.
Chapter 3 States of Matter. Section 3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases.
Objectives Relate the properties of a state to the energy content and particle arrangement of that state of matter. Explain forces and energy changes involved.
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Phase Changes Physical Science
Changes of State Change of state= conversion or a substance from one physical form to another All changes of state are PHYSICAL changes, no changes in.
3.3 Phase Changes A large iceberg contains enough fresh water to supply millions of people with water for a year. As it moves into warmer areas, the ice.
Chapter 3 Section 3 Phase Changes.
Phase Changes Phase change – a reversible physical change that happens when a substance changes from one state of matter to another. 6 Common Phase Changes.
Phase Changes Notes 3.3.
PHASE CHANGES Each state of matter is called a PHASE
definite volume definite shape regular geometric pattern
States of Matter I. Describing the States of Matter:
PHASE CHANGES SECTION 3.3.
A large iceberg contains enough fresh water to supply millions of people with water for a year. As it moves into warmer areas, the ice changes to liquid.
3.3 Phase Changes What are six common phase changes?
Prime time 9/26/16 Three States of Water
Agenda Homework questions. Trial Final Pressure
Phase Changes.
Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action
States of Matter I. Describing the States of Matter:
Changes of State Chapter 3 Section 3.
PHASE CHANGES SECTION 3.3.
How matter changes forms
A large iceberg contains enough fresh water to supply millions of people with water for a year. As it moves into warmer areas, the ice changes to liquid.
Changes of State Section 4.3.
The Nature of Energy 1.
Phase Changes (Section 3.3)
Chp Phase Changes Pg
3.3 Physical Changes due to particle energy
Phase Changes.
States of Matter I. Describing the States of Matter:
Presentation transcript:

Section 3.3 – Phases Changes

Key Concepts (you should be able to answer these questions) What are six common phase changes? What happens to a substance’s temperature and a system’s energy during a phase change? How does the arrangement of water molecules change during melting and freezing? How are evaporation and boiling different?

Important Vocabulary (leave room in your notes for definitions!) Phase change Endothermic Exothermic Heat of fusion Vaporization Heat of vaporization Evaporation Vapor pressure Condensation Sublimation Deposition

Phase Changes When more than one state of matter is present in a system, scientists say there are two different phases of matter Example: an iceberg floating in the ocean A phase change is a reversible physical change that occurs when a substance goes from one form of matter to another Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation and deposition are six common phase changes

Phase Changes - continued All phase changes share certain characteristics related to energy and temperature The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change This means one way we can recognize a phase change is by measuring the temperature of a substance as it is heated or cooled

Phase Change Diagram for Water

What happens during phase changes? Energy gets transferred between a substance and its surroundings Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change In an endothermic reaction, the substance absorbs energy from its surroundings In an exothermic reaction, the substance releases energy into its surroundings

Endothermic/Exothermic Reactions An example of an endothermic change is ice melting Where does the energy for melting come from? 1 gram of ice absorbs 334 Joules [J] of energy as it melts This amount of energy is the heat of fusion, or how much energy is needed to be absorbed for 1 gram of the substance to melt, for water. Note that the heat of fusion varies from substance to substance. What do you think happens when ice freezes? Application: Preventing crop freezing

Melting The arrangement of molecules in water becomes less orderly as water melts and more orderly as water freezes. Melting is change of a solid into a liquid. Since energy is absorbed, this change is endothermic. For ice, molecules gain energy, which means they vibrate more quickly until they gain enough energy that they are able to overcome the forces of attraction from the other molecules and move from their fixed positions.

Freezing Freezing is the change of a liquid into a solid. Since energy is released, the change is exothermic. As the average kinetic energy decreases because it is being released into the system, the molecules of a substance move more slowly until the forces of attraction start to have an effect and pull them into an orderly arrangement. Often you think of freezing happening at cold temperatures, but things freeze when they turn from a liquid into a solid, so they can freeze at really high temperatures.

Vaporization Vaporization is the change of a liquid into a gas. Since a substance absorbs energy, it is endothermic. 1 gram of water needs 2261 Joules of energy in order to vaporize. This is the heat of vaporization, or how much energy is required for one gram of a substance to change from a liquid to a gas, for water. The heat of vaporization changes from substance to substance.

Two types of vaporization The two types of vaporization are evaporation and boiling. Evaporation occurs when some of the molecules near the surface of a liquid are moving fast enough to overcome the forces of attraction from other molecules. A larger surface area means something can evaporate faster. Examples of evaporation?

Evaporation In a closed container, water evaporates into water vapor and collects above the liquid. Vapor pressure is the pressure caused by the collisions of the vapor with the walls of the container. If the temperature of the vapor increases, the vapor pressure increases as well.

Boiling Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of a system is equal to the atmospheric pressure. The temperature at which this happens is the boiling point. As you increase the temperature of something you are trying to boil, you increase the vapor pressure. When you boil a pot of water, the molecules move faster and faster until the molecules below the surface of the water have enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces of attraction from neighboring molecules. Since vapor is less dense than the liquid, it rises to the surface and the bubbles burst, releasing the vapor into the air.

Boiling continued Note that the boiling point of something depends on atmospheric pressure. At standard pressure, the boiling point of water is 100°C. The higher your altitude, the lower atmospheric pressure is, which means water will boil at a lower temperature.

Condensation Condensation is the change from a gas into a liquid. Since this transfers heat into a system from the substance, it is exothermic. Examples?

Vaporization / Condensation Application Refrigeration!

Sublimation and Deposition Sublimation is the phase change from a solid to a gas/vapor without becoming a liquid first. Since this change absorbs energy, it is endothermic. Deposition is the phase change from a gas/vapor into a solid without becoming a liquid first. Since this change releases energy into a system, it is exothermic. Examples?

Exit Ticket What are the 6 types of phase changes? Which ones are exothermic? Which ones are endothermic? Provide an example of each.