Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Gases 6.5.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Gases 6.8.
Advertisements

1 Chapter 6Gases 6.3 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law) Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7, Section 9 General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 7.9 Partial Pressures (Dalton’s.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7, Section 2 General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 7.2 Gas Pressure Chapter.
Temperature and Pressure
1 Chapter 6Gases 6.5 Temperature and Pressure (Gay Lussac’s Law) Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
1 Chapter 6Gases 6.4 Temperature and Volume (Charles’ Law) Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
1 Chapter 6 Gases 6.6 The Combined Gas Law. 2 The combined gas law uses Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, and Gay-Lussac’s Law (n is constant). P 1 V 1 =P 2.
1 Chapter 1 Matter, Measurements, & Calculations 1.6 cont’ Temperature Conversions Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Chapter 14 The Behavior of Gases 14.2 The Gas Laws
Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Gases 6.6.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Gases 11.4 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law) Learning Goal Use the temperature–volume relationship (Charles’s.
Basic Chemistry Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 11 Lecture
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Matter.
Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 11 Gases 11.8 The Ideal Gas Law Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education,
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.1 Chapter 7 Gases 7.7 Volume and Moles (Avogadro’s Law)
INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY Concepts and Critical Thinking Sixth Edition by Charles H. Corwin Chapter 11 1 © 2011 Pearson Education,
7.3 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law)
Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 11 Gases 11.3Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law)
Chapter 6 Gases 6.1 Properties of Gases.
Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 11 Gases 11.5 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law) An autoclave used to sterilize.
1 Lecture 6 Gases Properties of Gases Gas Pressure Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Chapter 14 The Behavior of Gases 14.2 The Gas Laws
Solve problems involving the relationship between temperature, pressure and volume for a fixed mass of an ideal gas.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Matter.
1 Chapter 3 Matter and Energy 3.3Temperature Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Temperature Scales Fahrenheit, Celsius & Kelvin. Temperature  Is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to another object.  Indicates that.
Vapor Pressure and Boiling Vapor Pressure – the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid state. Vapor Pressure – the pressure exerted.
Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 11 Gases 11.4 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law) As the gas in the hot-air balloon.
Gay-Lussac’s Law Gay-Lussac’s Law
Pressure.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Solutions.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.1 Chapter 7 Gases 7.5 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law)
Chapter 11 - Gases Properties of Gases Gas Pressure Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Gases 6.3.
Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 14 Acids and Bases 14.5 Ionization of Water.
Chapter 6 Gases 6.1 Properties of Gases.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Gases Partial Pressures Learning Goal Use Dalton’s Law of partial pressures to calculate the total pressure.
Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Gases 6.7.
Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chapter 11 Gases 11.7 Volume and Moles (Avogadro’s Law) Balloons rise in the air because helium.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7, Section 8 General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 7.8 The Ideal Gas Law Chapter.
Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Gases 6.1.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 Acids.
Chapter 11 - Gases Properties of Gases Gas Pressure Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Properties of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory: 1.Small particles (atoms or molecules) move quickly and randomly 2.Negligible attractive forces between particles.
1 Chapter 6 Gases 6.1 Properties of Gases 6.2 Gas Pressure Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 8.1 Properties of Gases Generally,
13.2 The Nature of Liquids> 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 13 States of Matter 13.1 The Nature.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Karen C. Timberlake Lecture Presentation.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7, Section 6 General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 7.6 The Combined Gas Law.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Basic Chemistry Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 11 Lecture
8.6 Volume and Moles, Avogadro’s Law
8.4 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law)
Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law)
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Temperature and Pressure
Chapter 14 The Behavior of Gases 14.2 The Gas Laws
Temperature and Volume
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Temperature and Pressure (Gay Lussac’s Law)
Basic Chemistry Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 11 Lecture
8.5 The Combined Gas Law Under water, the pressure on a diver is greater than the atmospheric pressure. The combined gas law comes from the pressure–volume–temperature.
Basic Chemistry Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 11 Lecture
Basic Chemistry Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 11 Lecture
Basic Chemistry Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 11 Lecture
Basic Chemistry Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 11 Lecture
Temperature and Volume
Temperature Kelvin Scale Fahrenheit Scale Celsius Scale.
Chapter 6 Gases 6.3 Pressure and Volume Boyle’s Law.
Presentation transcript:

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Gases 6.5 Temperature and Pressure Gay-Lussac’s Law 1

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gay-Lussac’s Law In Gay-Lussac’s law, the pressure exerted by a gas is directly related to the Kelvin temperature V and n are constant P 1 = P 2 T 1 T 2 2

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Solve Gay-Lussac’s law for P 2. P 1 = P 2 T 1 T 2 3

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Solve Gay-Lussac’s law for P 2. P 1 = P 2 T 1 T 2 Multiply both sides by T 2 and cancel: P 1  T 2 = P 2  T 2 T 1 T 2 P 2 = P 1  T 2 T 1 4

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Calculations Using Gay-Lussac’s Law A gas has a pressure at 2.0 atm at 18  C. What is the new pressure when the temperature is 62  C (V and n constant)? Step 1 Organize the data into a table of initial and final conditions. Conditions Initial Final P 1 = 2.0 atm P 2 = ? T 1 = 18  C T 2 = 62  C = 291 K = 335 K Be sure to use the Kelvin (K) temperature in gas calculations. 5

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Calculations Using Gay-Lussac’s Law Step 2Rearrange to solve for unknown quantity: P 2 Solve Gay-Lussac’s law for P 2 : P 1 = P 2 P 2 = P 1  T 2 T 1 T 2 T 1 Step 3Substitute the values into the gas law equation and calculate. P 2 = 2.0 atm  335 K = 2.3 atm 291 K Temperature ratio increases pressure 6

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check A gas has a pressure of 645 torr at 128  C. What is the temperature in Celsius if the pressure increases to 824 torr (n and V remain constant)? 7

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution A gas has a pressure of 645 torr at 128  C. What is the temperature in Celsius if the pressure increases to 824 torr (n and V remain constant)? Step 1 Organize the data into a table of initial and final conditions. Conditions Initial Final P 1 = 645 torr P 2 = 824 torr T 1 = 128  C T 2 = K – 273 = ?  C = 401 K 8

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution A gas has a pressure of 645 torr at 128  C. What is the temperature in Celsius if the pressure increases to 824 torr (n and V remain constant)? Step 2 Rearrange the gas law equation to solve for the unknown quantity. Solve Gay-Lussac’s law for T 2 : P 1 = P 2 T 2 = T 1  P 2 T 1 T 2 P 1 9

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution A gas has a pressure of 645 torr at 128  C. What is the temperature in Celsius if the pressure increases to 824 torr (n and V remain constant)? Step 3 Substitute values into the gas law equation and calculate. T 2 = 401 K  824 torr = 512 K − 273 = 239  C 645 torr Pressure ratio increases temperature 10

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point Vapor pressure is the pressure that accumulates when molecules of a liquid collect over the surface of a liquid in a closed container is specific for a given temperature increases when the temperature increases When the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure, the liquid reaches its boiling point. 11

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Temperature and Vapor Pressure of Water 12

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Pressure and Boiling Point of Water People who live at high altitudes often use pressure cookers to obtain higher temperatures when preparing food. In a pressure cooker, water is heated in a closed container so that pressures above 1 atm are obtained, raising the boiling point of water. 13

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Explain why water boils at a lower temperature in the mountains than at sea level. 14

Chemistry An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Explain why water boils at a lower temperature in the mountains than at sea level. Atmospheric pressure in the mountains is less than at sea level. The vapor pressure of the water reaches the atmospheric pressure at a lower temperature. 15