LECTURE 8, SEPTEMBER 21, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

TEST NO. 1, HISTOGRAM ASTR 101-3, FALL 20102

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Question 1 Which of the following are terrestrial planets? a)only Earth b)Earth, Moon, and Venus c)Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars d)Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto e)Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres

Question 1 Which of the following are terrestrial planets? a)only Earth b)Earth, Moon, and Venus c)Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars d)Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto e)Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres Terrestrial planets are “Earth- like.”

Question 2 The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian planets involve(s) a) mass. b) density. c) rotation speed. d) density and rotation speed. e) mass and density.

Question 2 The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian planets involve(s) a) mass. b) density. c) rotation speed. d) density and rotation speed. e) mass and density. Jovian planets are more massive, but less dense, than terrestrial planets.

Question 3 Which of the following defines density? a) mass times surface gravity b) mass divided by volume c) size divided by weight d) mass times surface area e) weight divided by size

Question 3 Which of the following defines density? a) mass times surface gravity b) mass divided by volume c) size divided by weight d) mass times surface area e) weight divided by size Density can be thought of as MATTER SPACE Lots of matter in a small space = HIGH density. Little matter in a large space = LOW density.

ASTR 101-3, FALL

ASTR 101-3, FALL

ASTR 101-3, FALL

ASTR 101-3, FALL

ASTR 101-3, FALL

Question 11 Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT a) the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, and in the same plane. b) the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin. c) the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass. d) comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system.

Question 11 Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT a) the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, and in the same plane. b) the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin. c) the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass. d) comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system. The planets do orbit in the same direction that the Sun spins. Most also spin in that direction, and most also have large moons that orbit in that direction.

ASTR 101-3, FALL

ASTR 101-3, FALL

ASTR 101-3, FALL

Question 12 The condensation sequence theory explains why a) our planet Earth has water and rain. b) stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near. c) terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets. d) the Moon formed near the Earth. e) Pluto has such a circular orbit.

Question 12 The condensation sequence theory explains why a) our planet Earth has water and rain. b) stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near. c) terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets. d) the Moon formed near to Earth. e) Pluto has such a circular orbit. The condensation sequence theory explains how the temperature of the early solar nebula controls which materials are solid, and which are gaseous.

ASTR 101-3, FALL

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 HOW ABOUT THE REQUIREMENTS ?-1 1. PLANETS WIDELY SPACED 2. PLANET ORBITS  CIRCULAR 3. PLANET ORBITS  IN THE SAME PLANE 4. ORBIT DIRECTIONS SAME AS SUN’S AXIAL ROTATION 5. ROTATION OF PLANETS IN THE SAME SENSE, COUNTERCLOCKWISE 28

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 HOW ABOUT THE REQUIREMENTS ?-2 6. ORBITS OF MOON SYSTEMS, SAME SENSE, COUNTERCLOCKWISE 7. TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION, DIFFERENTIATION, & DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANETS 8. ROCKY DEBRIS = ASTEROIDS AND METEOROIDS, OLD AND NEITHER TERRESTRIAL NOR JOVIAN PLANETS 9. ASTEROID-SIZED ICY BODIES FORM THE KUIPER BELT, BEYOND NEPTUNE 29

ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010 HOW ABOUT THE REQUIREMENTS ? ICY FRAGMENTS, COMETS, FORM THE OORT CLOUD, AT LARGE DISTANCES & ROUGHLY SPHERICAL GENERALLY, THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE MODEL AND THE GENERAL RULES IS QUITE GOOD COLLISIONS ACCOUNT FOR SOME OF THE DEVIATIONS FROM THE GENERAL RULES 30