“Good men must not obey the laws too well.” Ralph Waldo Emerson

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Presentation transcript:

“Good men must not obey the laws too well.” Ralph Waldo Emerson Transcendentalism “Good men must not obey the laws too well.” Ralph Waldo Emerson

What do you think Emerson’s quote means?

Romanticism Arose in Europe as a reaction to the Age of Reason, and in America, Puritanism Saw limits of reason Celebrated the glories of the individual Splendor of (super)natural inspired Atmosphere, sentiment, optimism Longfellow, Irving, Bryant, Whitman

Romanticism Common motifs: nature, good vs. evil, light vs. dark, happy (or at least just) endings, the supernatural Common themes: Bad things happen to bad people, good things happen to good people; we control our own choices; those who came before us have something to teach us (respect for past) Common hero: gifted, idealistic and perhaps misunderstood loner

Romanticism vs. Reason As Age of Reason comes to an end, Romanticism rises from its ashes (or perhaps causes the fire!) Enlightenment thinkers = deduction, order, classification Romantic thinkers = feeling, intuition, imagination Contrast how these schools of thought may have treated or viewed nature.

Psalm of Life What about the poem makes it Romantic?

Washington Irving (1783-1859) Creator of the American short story Best known for: “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” “Rip Van Winkle”

Elements of a Short Story? Exposition Rising action Climax Falling action Denouement or resolution

Washington Irving 1802 - literary debut: a series of observational letters to the Morning Chronicle, written under the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle 1815 – moved to England 1819 - achieved international fame with the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.

Washington Irving America's first genuine internationally best-selling author, Irving advocated for writing as a legitimate profession, and argued for stronger laws to protect American writers from copyright infringement.

Washington Irving Irving encouraged American authors such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Edgar Allan Poe. Published regularly and almost always successfully throughout his life (both fiction and historical works, biographies, and several histories of 15th-century Spain) served as U.S. minister to Spain from 1842 to 1846

Transcendentalism From German Romanticism “Transcendent forms of truth exist beyond reason and experience” Emerson goes one step further, American twist… Individuals can achieve their own truths through intuition Henry David Thoreau embodied spirit – solitary communion with nature to reveal truths

Transcendentalism Highly educated, New England – working to create a distinctly American literature Defining spirituality – rationalism not enough; sentiment, emotion, intuition must be accounted for Speaking out against slavery and for women’s rights

Self - Reliance Read Self – Reliance Use a DICTIONARY for unfamiliar words Answer the questions on the handout #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #7 Get with a group of 3 or 4 classmates and discuss your answers Return to the group for a discussion

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