Evidence-Based Model of Prevention and Intervention for Substance Abuse Christy Hicks, CSW/CADC Diane Tennies, PhD TEAP Health Specialist Region 3, 4, and 5

What? The use of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) allows access to tested interventions that can be used to support students with use and abuse histories as well as students whom are at risk.

Why? In the extremely competitive job market, students who come to Job Corps need as many supports and interventions as we can provide to assist them in becoming employable.

Where? NREPP: National Registry of EBP –Searchable data base for EBP in Mental Health and Substance Abuse intervention that have been reviewed and rate by independent reviewers. –The goal is to have the EBP sitting and ready those of us who are providing treatment to use and already know that they work. –Also allows you to monitor for any updates on the provided practice.

What does the website show? General information about the intervention A description of the research outcomes reviews Quality of Research and Readiness for Dissemination Rating A list of studies and materials reviewed Contact info to obtain more information about the research

NREPP is not an all inclusive list of EBP approaches.

Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach Replace environment that has supported use with other prosocial activities and behaviors that support recovery Target ages: (Adolescent-young adult) Outcomes: –Abstinence from substance abuse –Recovery from substance abuse –Cost effectiveness –Linkage to and participation in continuing care services; substance abuse, sustainability, depression symptoms, and internalized behavior problems

Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach Gender: Male/Female Race/Ethnicities: –American Indian or Alaska Native –Asian –Black/ African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Geographic: –Urban –Suburban –Rural $$$$

Alcohol Education for High School (AEHS) AEHS is an online, interactive, alcohol education and prevention course designed to increase alcohol related knowledge, discourage acceptance of underage drinking, and prevent or decrease alcohol use and its related negative consequences. –Alcohols effects on the body –Alcohols effects on the mind –Brain development –Blackouts –Hangovers –Risk taking Target ages: Adolescent

Alcohol Education for High School Outcomes: –Current use and intention to change drinking status –Acceptance of underage drinking/drunkenness –Knowledge about alcohol –Riding in a car with a driver who has been drinking –Perceived ability to limit drinking Gender: Male/Female

Alcohol Education for High School Race/Ethnicities: –American Indian or Alaska Native –Asian –Black/ African American –Hispanic or Latino –White School setting Cost for license

Binge Drinking Reduction Program Provides a process of changing the social and community norms associated with underage and binge drinking that has proven effective at reducing alcohol- related trauma caused by young American’s binge. The program makes efforts to curb irresponsible drinking practices by regular surveys of youth after a night of drinking.

Binge Drinking Reduction Program Outcome: –Alcohol decrease –Decrease crime and delinquency –Environment change Ages: (Adolescent-Adult) $$

Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) A prevention program for college-age students who drink ETOH heavily and have experienced or are at risk for alcohol related problems. Following a harm reduction approach, BASICS motivates students to reduce ETOH use in order to decrease the negative consequences of drinking. Assessment completed on line. Compares students use with average students use. –Non confrontational –Motivational Interviewing

Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) Outcome: –Frequency of alcohol use –Quantity of alcohol use –Negative consequences of alcohol use Ages: (Young adult) Gender: Male/ Female

Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) Race/Ethnicities: –American Indian or Alaska Native –Asian –Black/ African American –Hispanic or Latino –White School Setting Minimal Cost

Challenging College Alcohol Abuse (CCAA) Social norms and environment management program aimed at lowering high-risk drinking and related negative consequences. Uses a campus based media campaign to make the campus environment less conducive to drinking. Outcome: –Decrease in heavy drinking –Decrease in frequent drinking –Attitudes/beliefs related to alcohol –Consequences of alcohol and drug use

Challenging College Alcohol Abuse (CCAA) Age: (Young adult) Gender: Male/Female Race/Ethnicities: –American Indian or Alaska Native –Asian –Black/ African American –Hispanic or Latino –White School setting Free

Healthy Workplace Healthy Workplace is a set of substance abuse prevention interventions for the workplace that are designed for workers who are not substance-dependant and still have power to make choices about their substance abuse. –Healthy choices for feeling good –Working people: Decisions about drinking –Illegal drug use –Prescription drug use –Healthy lifestyle practices

Healthy Workplace Outcomes: –Motivation to reduce alcohol use –Substance use for stress relief –Healthy Lifestyles –Perceived risks of alcohol and other drug use Ages: 18 + (All) Gender: Male/Female

Healthy Workplace Race/Ethnicity: –Asian –Black/ African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Free

Positive Action (PA) PA is an integrated and comprehensive program that is designed to improve academic achievement. School attendance, and program behaviors such as substance use, violence, suspensions, disruptive behaviors, dropping out, and sexual behavior. Outcomes: –Alcohol –Crime/ Delinquency

Positive Action Topics –Drugs –School absenteeism –Social functioning –Tobacco –Violence Ages: (Adolescent—Adult) Gender: Male/Female

Positive Action Race/Ethnicities: –American Indian or Alaska Native –Asian –Black/ African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Geographic: –Urban –Suburban –Rural –Tribal Small kit cost

Prime For Life (PLF) PFL is a motivational intervention used in group settings to prevent alcohol and drug problems or provide early intervention. PFL has been used primarily among court-referred impaired driving offenders. Outcomes: –Perceived risk for alcoholism or addiction –Intention to drink or use drugs –Self-assessment of alcohol or drug related problems –Recidivism

Prime For Life Cont. Ages: (Young adult to adult) Races: –Black/African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Geographic: –Suburban Minimal workbook cost

Project EX Project EX is a school-based smoking cessation clinic program for adolescents that stress motivation, coping skills, and personal commitment. Six-week program with curriculum strategies for coping with stress, deal with nicotine withdrawal and avoiding relapse. Project EX uses engaging and motivating activities such as games and yoga to reduce and stop smoking.

Project EX Outcomes: –Education on tobacco use –Motivation to quit tobacco use Ages: (Adolescent to Young Adult) Gender: Male/Female Race/Ethnicity: –Asian –Black/ African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Minimal cost for manual and student workbooks

Project Towards No Drug Abuse A drug use prevention program for high school youth. Helps students develop self-control and communication skills, acquire resources that help resist drugs, improve decision making strategies, and develop motivation to not use drugs. Developed for high-risk students. Outcomes: –Alcohol and Tobacco Use –Marijuana and “hard drug” use –Risk of victimization –Frequency of weapons-carrying

Project Towards No Drug Abuse Cont. Age: (Adolescents to young adults) Gender: Male/Female Race/Ethnicities: –American Indian or Alaska Native –Asian –Black/ African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Minimal cost for manual and guides

Reconnecting Youth: A Peer Group Approach to Building Life Skills A school-based prevention program for students that teaches skills to build resiliency against risk factors and control early signs of substance abuse and emotional distress. Targets youth who demonstrate poor school achievement and high potential for school drop out. Eligible students may show signs of multiple problem behaviors, such as substance abuse, aggression, depression or suicidal ideation.

Reconnecting Youth: A Peer Group Approach to Building Life Skills Outcome: –School performance –Drug involvement –Mental health risk and protective factors –Suicide-risk behaviors Age: (Adolescent to young adult) Gender: Male/Female

Reconnecting Youth: A Peer Group Approach to Building Life Skills Race/Ethnicities: –American Indian or Alaska Native –Asian –Black/African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Minimal Cost

Team Awareness A customizable worksite prevention-training program that addresses behavioral risks associated with substance abuse among employees, co workers, and families. The training promotes social health and increased communication between workers; discuss company policy and Employee Assistance Program (EAP), and increase peer referral behaviors.

Team Awareness The importance of substance abuse prevention Team ownership of policy Stress, including stressors, individual coping styles and other methods of coping Tolerance and how it can become a risk factor for groups The importance of appropriate help-seeking and help-giving behavior Access to resources for preventive counseling or treatment

Team Awareness Outcome: –Group climate –Knowledge and attitudes related to substance use policies and the EAP –Help-seeking attitudes, behavior, and encouragement –Alcohol and other drug use attitudes and drinking climate –Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems –Personal health and well-being Age: (Young adult)

Team Awareness Race/Ethnicities: –Black/African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Minimal Charges

Wellness Outreach at Work This program provides comprehensive risk reduction services to workplace employees, offering cardiovascular and caner risk screening and follow-up health coaching that addresses alcohol and tobacco use. The screening directs employees attention to health issues and to their own health risks and provides baseline information about the health issues and to their own health risks. There is immediate feedback on health risks and first steps that might improve them.

Wellness Outreach at Work Outcome: –Alcohol consumption –Smoking cessation –Overall health risk Age: (Young adults) Gender: Male/Female

Wellness Outreach at Work Race/Ethnicities: –Black/ African American –White Free protocols and intervention materials

NOT on Tobacco School-based smoking cessation program designed for youth who are daily smokers. NOT is based on social cognitive theory and incorporates training in self-management and stimulus control; social skills and social influence, stress management, relapse prevention and techniques to manage nicotine withdrawal, weight, and family and peer pressure. NOT can be implemented by schools or other community organizations using teachers, school nurses, counselors, and other staff and volunteers who are trained to facilitate group sessions.

NOT on Tobacco Outcomes: –Smoking cessation –Smoking reduction –Cost-effectiveness Ages: (Adolescents) Gender: Male/Female

NOT on Tobacco Race/Ethnicities: –American Indian or Alaska Native –Asian –Black/African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Minimal cost for training

Life Skills Training (LST) School-based program that aims to prevent alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use and violence by targeting the major social and psychological factors that promote the initiation of substance use and other risky behaviors. LST is based on both the social influence and competence enhancement models of prevention. Teaches personal and social skills that build resilience youth and ability to resist drug influence.

Life Skills Training (LST) Outcomes: –Substance abuse –Normative beliefs about substance use and substance use refusal skills –Violence and delinquency Age: (Young adult) Race/Ethnicities: –American Indian or Alaska Native –Asian –Black/African American –Hispanic or Latino –White Minimal Cost

Too Good For Drugs A school-based prevention program for K-12 grades that builds on students resiliency by teaching them how to be socially competent and autonomous problem solvers. The program is designed to benefit everyone in the school by providing needed education in social and emotional competencies and by reducing risk factors and building protective factors that affect students in these age groups.

Too Good For Drugs Developing personal and interpersonal skills to resist peer pressures Goal setting Decision making Bonding with others Having respect for self and others Managing emotions Effective communication Appropriate social interactions The program also provides information about the negative consequences of drug use and the benefits of a nonviolent, drug-free lifestyle.

Others EBP Motivational Interviewing Harm Reduction Model 7 Challenges