Introduction to Organic Chemistry:

 Largest Chemistry Field in the Modern World  Medicines  Plastics  Synthetics  Fuels

 Carbon  Forms 4 Strong Covalent Bonds  Makes countless combinations of molecules all based on Carbon  Must NAME them carefully to allow others to reproduce them

1. Meth- 2. Eth- 3. Prop- 4. But- 5. Pent- 6. Hex- 7. Hept- 8. Oct- 9. Non- 10. Dec- # of Carbons

 We start with the simplest type of organic molecule  Alkane  Saturated Hydrocarbons ▪ Maximum amount of Hydrogens  Only Single Bonds between Carbons

1. Work Backwards 2. Start with the ending –ane  means “Only Single Bonds” 3. Find longest unbroken line of carbons. This stem determines the prefix. (meth-, eth-, etc)

4. Circle all carbon groups not on the stem, these are branches 5. Name them using the same prefixes, but an –yl ending  1 Carbons = Methyl, 2 Carbons = Ethyl  3 Carbons = Propyl, 4 Carbons = Butyl

6. Arrange branches alphabetically 7. Add extra prefixes if there are multiple of the same branch instead of rewriting them.  2 of same = Di, 3 of same = Tri Ex: dimethyl = 2 branches w/ 1 carbon each

8. Number the carbons on the stem  Start at the end closest to a branch 9. Record the # of the attached stem carbon next to each branch  These numbers are addresses, explaining where a branch is on the stem (location, not amount)

6 : Arrange Branches Alphabetically ethylmethyl octane 7 : Extra Prefixes (di & tri) ethyl dimethyl octane 8 : Number Carbons (near branch) ethyl dimethyl octane : Label branches (use stem address) 4-ethyl 3,5-dimethyl octane 1&2 : Start Backwards, -ane ending -ane 3 : Find Stem (Longest Line of C) octane 4 : Circle Branches (C not on Stem) octane 5 : Name Branches (prefix-yl) octane Methyl Ethyl 4 Carbons 3 Carbons

4-ethyl 3,5-dimethyl octane It is all about Decoding the Name. This is why the name must be carefully constructed.

5 C 6 C6 C 6 C6 C 8 C8 C 8 C8 C Either of these works, and have same name

Click for Answer 2,5-dimethyl octane

,5,6-trimethyl nonane Click for Answer

ethyl 2,3,3-trimethyl hexane

Click for Answer 7,8-diethyl 2,3,6-trimethyl decane

 Make your life easy!  Straight Stem starting at #1  2,2,6-trimethyl heptane Notice: each C has 4 Bonds when finished. Lines + H = 4 for each C #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7