CONTENTS oAngular Velocity and Acceleration oCentripetal force centrifugal force. Some illustrations of centrifugal force. oEffect on centripetal force on changing velocity,mass, radius. oMotion in a verticle circle oRelationship between linear and angular acceleration oCentripetal acceleration

What is circular motion? Circular motion is a motion in a circle at constant speed.

Angular velocity It is defined as the ratio of angular displacement to the time taken by the object to undergo the displacement. Angular acceleration It is defined as the ratio of change in angular velocity of the object to the time taken to undergo the change in angular velocity.

Centripetal force centrifugal force An external force required to make a body move along circular path with uniform speed is called centripetal force. The outward radial force experienced by an object,when in circular motion, is called centrifugal force

The smaller the velocity of the object, the less centripetal force you will have to apply. Effect on centripetal force on changing velocity

Effect on centripetal force on changing radius. The smaller the length of rope (radius ) the more centripetal force you will have to apply to the rope.

SOME ILLUSTRATIONS OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CENTRIFUGE:IT IS A DEVICE USED TO SEPARATE LIGHTER PARTICLES IN SUSPENSION FROM THE MORE DENSE LIQUID IN WHICH THEY ARE CONTAINED. Example: 1)Cream is separated from the milk in cream separator. 2)In sugar industries, sugar crystals are separated from the molasses. 3)The wet clothes are dried by dry cleaners in the drying machines. 4)Centrifuges are used to separate honey from the wax.

MOTION IN A VERTICAL CIRCLE The motion of a mass on a string in a verticle circle includes a number of mechanical concepts. It must satisfy the constraints of centripetal force to remain in a circle,and must satisfy the demands of conservation of energy as gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when the mass moves downward.

MOTION IN A VERTICAL CIRCLE Consider a body of mass M tied at the end of a string and whirled in a vertical circle of radius r. let v 1 and v 2 be velocities of the body and T and T be tensions in the string at the lowest point A and highest point B respectively. At the lowest point A T – Mg = Mv 2 /r T – Mg = Mv 2 /r  At the highest point B T + Mg = Mv 2 /r T + Mg = Mv 2 /r  The tension T at the highest point is zero, 0 + Mg = Mv 2 /r 0 + Mg = Mv 2 /r V 2 = √g r V 2 = √g r  Let us find the minimum velocity the body should possess at the lowest point in order to just loop the vertical circle. A/Q to the principle of conservation of energy, K.E. of the body at point A =(P.E. +K.E.) of the body at point B K.E. of the body at point A =(P.E. +K.E.) of the body at point B

SOME ILLUSTRATIONS OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CENTRIFUGE:IT IS A DEVICE USED TO SEPARATE LIGHTER PARTICLES IN SUSPENSION FROM THE MORE DENSE LIQUID IN WHICH THEY ARE CONTAINED. Example: 1)Cream is separated from the milk in cream separator. 2)In sugar industries, sugar crystals are separated from the molasses. 3)The wet clothes are dried by dry cleaners in the drying machines. 4)Centrifuges are used to separate honey from the wax.

Centripetal acceleration The velocity vector at any point is tangent to the circular path at that point, the acceleration vector acts along the radius of the circle at that point and is directed towards centre.It is called the centripetal acceleration. The velocity vector at any point is tangent to the circular path at that point, the acceleration vector acts along the radius of the circle at that point and is directed towards centre.It is called the centripetal acceleration.

In this figure, the tire is spinning which means a larger centripetal force is required to keep the mud in the circular path of the tire. In this figure,the “sticky” are adhesive forces from the mud to the tire tread are large enough to be the centripetal force required to keep the mud in a circular path as the tire spins.

Centripetal Force Calculation Centripetal force = mass x velocity^2 / radius Any of the data values may be changed. When finished with data entry, click on the quantity you wish to calculate in the formula above. Unit conversions will be carried out as you enter data, but values will not be forced to be consistent until you click on the desired quantity. CALCULATION FOR: Or in common highway speed units,

AKNOWLEDGEMENT I AM HIGHLY INDATETD TO OUR RESPECTED COMPUTER TEACHER, PHYSICS TEACHER FOR THEIR CONSTANT GUIDENESS TO MAKE THIS PROJECT EFFECTIVE ONE.I EXTENT MY HERTIEST THANKS TO OUR CLASSMATES FOR THEIR CO- PERATION.