Reminders Exam postponed until 4/8 Exam postponed until 4/8 Activity 2 due next Thursday (3/20) Activity 2 due next Thursday (3/20)

Review What are some main tenets of Romanticism? What are some main tenets of Romanticism? In what ways was the piano a significant instrument in the 19th century In what ways was the piano a significant instrument in the 19th century Who were some virtuoso pianist- composers? Who were some virtuoso pianist- composers?

Review Chopin Chopin What country was he from? What country was he from? What types of pieces did he write? What types of pieces did he write?

Clara Schumann Concert artist and composer Concert artist and composer Wife of Robert Schumann Wife of Robert Schumann Composed pieces for herself to play Composed pieces for herself to play

C. Schumann, Scherzo Listening guide 43 Listening guide 43 What does Scherzo mean? What does Scherzo mean? Form: scherzo section alternates with trio… Form: scherzo section alternates with trio… Trio section contrasting in character. Usually calmer and smoother Trio section contrasting in character. Usually calmer and smoother

C. Schumann, Scherzo Here there are two trios Here there are two trios Form: Form: Scherzo Trio 1 Scherzo trio 2 Scherzo Or: ABACA

C. Schumann, Scherzo What is jesting about the scherzo? What is jesting about the scherzo? In 3/4 time, third beat is emphasized (rather than first) In 3/4 time, third beat is emphasized (rather than first)

More Romantic traits Romantic melody... Romantic melody... Lyrical-song-like Lyrical-song-like More expressive More expressive Romantic vs Classic Romantic vs Classic Romantic melodies tend to be less balanced Romantic melodies tend to have a wider range

Romantic Harmony more dissonance: more dissonance: So harmony in Romantic era is more expressive too chromatic harmony chromatic harmony -chords not built from the diatonic scale of the "home-base" (tonic) key) So harmony is more complex and less predictable

Romantic Form Basic tendencies Basic tendencies A) Classic forms are expanded A) Classic forms are expanded B) new ideas of cyclic unification are developed B) new ideas of cyclic unification are developed However, these are However, these are C) based more on sectional contrast (A vs B) instead of development (like Beet. 5th) C) based more on sectional contrast (A vs B) instead of development (like Beet. 5th)

Debate in Romantic Era Between ABSOLUTE MUSIC-- music that refers only to itself and Between ABSOLUTE MUSIC-- music that refers only to itself and Program Music, where the music depicts a story, has an “Extra- musical” subject… Program Music, where the music depicts a story, has an “Extra- musical” subject… 2 genres or program music 2 genres or program music Program Symphony- multiple movements Program Symphony- multiple movements Symphonic Poem- 1 movement Symphonic Poem- 1 movement

Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique Listening guide 44 Listening guide 44 Story of obsessive lover Story of obsessive lover the narrator takes opium and has a series of hallucinations the narrator takes opium and has a series of hallucinations each becomes a musical movement of the symphony each becomes a musical movement of the symphony

Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique may have been based on Berlioz’s actual obsession and affair with Harriet Smithson, an actress may have been based on Berlioz’s actual obsession and affair with Harriet Smithson, an actress the lover is portrayed musically by an “idèe fixe” -- a melody associated with her that recurs obsessively the lover is portrayed musically by an “idèe fixe” -- a melody associated with her that recurs obsessively the “idèe fixe” occurs in each movement the “idèe fixe” occurs in each movement

Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique Movements=hallucinations Movements=hallucinations I: Reveries, pasions - introduces idèe fixe = “she” I: Reveries, pasions - introduces idèe fixe = “she” II: A Ball-- she appears at a dance II: A Ball-- she appears at a dance III: Scene in the Fields-- she brings a storm III: Scene in the Fields-- she brings a storm

Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique IV: March to the Scaffold- he kills her IV: March to the Scaffold- he kills her V: Dream of the Witches Sabbath- in hell he is taunted by her still V: Dream of the Witches Sabbath- in hell he is taunted by her still

Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique Fourth movement: March to the Scaffold Fourth movement: March to the Scaffold March rhythm March rhythm Two main themes, A and B, that are developed in the middle Two main themes, A and B, that are developed in the middle The idée fixe comes at the end (when is thinking of the Beloved. The idée fixe comes at the end (when is thinking of the Beloved. Interrupted by the axe that chops his head off Interrupted by the axe that chops his head off

Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique Fifth movement: Witches’ Sabbath... Fifth movement: Witches’ Sabbath... Spooky opening Spooky opening Then distorted version of idée fixe Then distorted version of idée fixe Then funeral bell tolling Then funeral bell tolling Then Berlioz quotes Dies irae, a Gregorian chant melody that was used at funeral Masses. Then Berlioz quotes Dies irae, a Gregorian chant melody that was used at funeral Masses.