Empires Spread Sections 3 & 4 SS.8.A.1.3 Analyze current events relevant to American History topics through a variety of electronic and print media resources; SS.8.A.2.1 Compare the relationships among the British, French, Spanish, and Dutch in their struggle for colonization of North America; SS.8.A.2.4 Identify the impact of key colonial figures on the economic, political, and social development of the colonies; SS.8.A.2.5 Discuss the impact of colonial settlement on Native American populations; SS.8.A.3.16 Examine key events in Florida history as each impacts this era of American history; SS.8.G.4.2 Use geographic terms and tools to analyze the effects throughout American history of migration to and within the United States, both on the place of origin and destination; SS.8.G.4.4 Interpret databases, case studies, and maps to describe the role that regions play in influencing trade, migration patterns, and cultural/political interaction in the United States throughout time.

Section 4: The Race for Empires (John Cabot) Objectives Students will learn that … Events in Europe affected settlement of North America. Several explorers searched for a Northwest Passage to the Pacific Ocean. European nations raced to establish empires in North America

Vocabulary Protestant Reformation Protestants Spanish Armada Northwest Passage Jacques Cartier charter

The Race for the Empires The Big Idea Other European nations challenged Spain in the Americas The Main Idea Events in Europe affected settlement of North America Several explorers searched for a Northwest Passage to the Pacific Ocean European nations raced to establish empires in North America

Main Idea 1 Events in Europe affected settlement of North America Martin Luther, a German priest, protested the practices of the Catholic Church in 1517 leading to a religious reform movement called the Protestant Reformation. Reformers became known as Protestants. The Printing Press, a machine the produces printed copies, helped spread the idea of the Reformation. Conflict between Catholic and Protestants often led to civil war. King Henry VIII defied the pope and founded the Church of England, or Anglican Church, in 1534.

Spain and England Go to War King Philip II used Spain’s great wealth to lead a Catholic Reformation against the Protestant movement. Philip sent the Spanish Armada to England to overthrow Queen Elizabeth and the Anglican Church. The smaller, but faster fleet defeated the Armada. Spain was weakened by economic problems, including inflation, a rise in the price of goods caused by an increase in the amount of money in circulation. England, France, and the Netherlands challenged Spanish power in the Americas.

Main Idea 2 Several explorers searched for a Northwest Passage to the Pacific Ocean Italian sailor, John Cabot, sailing for the English, searched for a passage to the Pacific Ocean along the coast of Canada and Newfoundland. This became the basis for England’s claim to North America. Frenchman, Jacques Cartier, sailed down the St. Lawerence River and traveled to present day Montreal, claiming the area for France. The English captain Henry Hudson led a Dutch expedition to present day New York in 1609.

Main Idea 3 European nations raced to establish empires in North America Spanish and the Portuguese were early leaders in overseas exploration and colonization of Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. English, French, and Dutch focused on North America for the expansion of their empires.

English Settlement England decided to found a colony in North American in the late 1500s. Sir Walter Raleigh received a charter, a document giving him permission to start a colony. He sent an expedition that landed in present-day Virginia and North Carolina. The colony established in Roanoke in 1587 by John White, in what is now Virginia, mysteriously disappeared.

French Empire in North America First settlements were in Florida, but they were soon destroyed and the settlers driven out by the Spanish. The explorations of Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain gave France a claim to the north, in present day Canada, along the St. Lawrence River. The North American territory spread out from the St. Lawrence River in the late 1600s was called New France. Fur traders, explorers, and missionaries populated the region. René-Robert de La Salle claimed lands along the Mississippi River and Mississippi Valley. French settlers developed close relationships with the Native Americans.

Dutch and Swedish Presence New Netherland New Sweden The Dutch came to America for trade. They settled land between the Delaware and Hudson rivers. Manhattan Island was purchased from Native Americans and called New Amsterdam. Colonists settled along the Delaware River. New Christina, the first Swedish settlement, was founded in 1638. The Dutch conquered New Sweden in 1655.

Section 5 Beginnings of Slavery in the Americas Objectives Students will learn that … European diseases wiped out much of the Native American population, causing colonists to look for a new labor force. Europeans enslaved millions of Africans and sent them to work in their colonies. Slaves in the Americas created a distinct culture.

Vocabulary Immune Middle Passage African Diaspora

Beginnings of Slavery in the Americas The Big Idea Europeans forced millions of African slaves to work in their colonies Main Ideas European diseases wiped out much of the Native American population, causing colonists to look for a new labor source. Europeans enslaved millions of Africans and sent them to the colonies. Slaves in the Americas created a distinct culture.

Main Idea 1 European diseases wiped out much of the Native American population, causing colonists to look for a new labor source. Europeans were immune, or had a natural resistance to diseases common in Europe, like measles, smallpox, and typhus. Native Americans had no resistance to these diseases and millions died in the years after the Europeans arrived. With a shortage of Native American workers, Spanish and Portuguese plantation owners needed new sources for cheap labor. Slaves from West Africa was brought the America and the African slave trade flourished.

Main Idea 2 Europeans enslaved millions of Africans and sent them to the colonies. In 1510 the Spanish government legalized the sale of slaves in the colonies. Most slaves came from the interior of Africa. One out of every six slaves died along the Middle Passage, the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, due to the horrible conditions aboard the lower decks of the slave ships. Slave trade led to African Diaspora as slaves were sent all over the world. (Diaspora is the scattering of people). Colonial leaders worked to regulate slave treatment and behavior, but treatment of enslaved Africans varied.

Main Idea 3 Slaves in the Americas created a distinct culture. Slaves in the Americans came for diverse backgrounds but shared many common customs and viewpoints. They build upon what they had in common and built and created a new African American culture.

Slave Culture Family Religion Art and Dance Vital Part of Slave Culture Christianity blended with traditional African elements. Form of expression Provided a refuge, a place not totally under the slaveholder’s control Gave sense of hope and self-worth. Dances were important social events in slave communities. Faced many challenges, including being broken apart. Spirituals were a common form of religious expressions. Heavily influenced by African traditions Used songs and folktales to tell their stories of sorrow, hope, agony, and joy

The Caravel A special type of ship called the caravel became the workhorse of many European explorers. Though small, caravels were sturdy. They could sail across huge oceans and up small rivers. Caravels features important features in sailing technology.