THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

EUROPE EXPLORES THE WORLD

In the 1400s, trade, religion, and curiosity led to a new era of exploration. Trade with Asia Europeans wanted Asian spices Asian goods became more expensive due to taxes Merchants began looking for a new route to East Asia Religion Christians wanted to spread their ideas about religion to other parts of the world. Wanted to counteract the spread of Islam. Curiosity Stories of Marco Polo Heard of new lands and creatures What’s on the other side of the ocean?

ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY Sailors now had instruments such as the astrolabe and the compass to find new routes. More accurate maps allowed sailors to travel on the open sea and not having to follow the coast. Shipbuilding made new ships with better sails and better steering.

EXPLORING THE WORLD 1400s: England and France were fighting each other Spain was still fighting Muslims Portugal began to explore first!

PORTUGUAL

EXPLORERS

PORTUGUAL Henry the Navigator: prince of Portugal set up a research center and invited sailors, cartographers, and shipbuilders to come and help him explore the world.

PORTUGUAL Portuguese in Africa: In 1420, began trading with African kingdoms discovered sugarcane began bringing African slaves to work the sugarcane fields

PORTUGUAL

Bartolomeu Dias: 1488 – reached the southern tip of Africa Vasco da Gama: rounded the tip of Africa and landed on India’s coast a water route to East India had been found

Bartolomeu Dias

Vasco da Gama The first European to open a sea-based trade route to India

SPAIN Christopher Columbus: Italian navigator wanted to find route to Asia going across the Atlantic needed someone to finance (pay) for the trip turned down by Portugal, France, and England

SPAIN Christopher Columbus: Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain said yes he outfitted three ships: 1.Santa Maria 2.Nina 3.Pinta

SPAIN Christopher Columbus: In 1492, he reached San Salvador (island near Cuba) claimed the land for Spain he thought he was in Asia he never realized he had reached the Americas made four trips to the Americas

SPAIN Ferdinand Magellan: 1520 – he sailed completely around the world sailed south along South America crossed the Straight of Magellan and entered a peaceful sea named it the Pacific Ocean headed west

SPAIN Ferdinand Magellan: his sailors nearly starved lived off leather, sawdust, and rats four months later, they reached the Philippines he was killed by locals, but his crew went on around Africa and back to Spain

Magellan’s Ships: Trinidad, the San Antonio, the Conception, the Victoria and the Santiago Lupa

ENGLAND John Cabot: 1497 – searched for a northern route to Asia across the Atlantic Found Newfoundland headed south along coast of Canada he never found a path disappeared on his second trip

John Cabot

FRANCE Jacques Cartier: sailed past Newfoundland entered the St. Lawrence River

Explorer Country Sailed For Area Explored Reason For Exploring John Cabot (1497) England Newfoundland and Canada Find northern route to Asia (disappeared on 2 nd trip) Jacques Cartier (1534) FranceSt. Lawrence River Find northern route to Asia (Huguenot vs. Catholic wars stopped exploration)

Henry the Navigator Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan John CabotJacques Cartier 1419 Set up a research center in Portugal 1497 First European to sail around the south of Africa and reach India 1492 First European to sail west searching for a water route to Asia 1519 Led first expedition to sail around the world 1497 Encountered Newfoundland and traveled south along Canada’s coast 1534 Explored the St. Lawrence River EUROPEAN EXPLORERS

Columbus Discovered America? Leif Ericson: born in Iceland around 975 sailed to Newfoundland in 1002, almost 500 years before Columbus

The Spanish controlled the gold and silver from the former Aztec and Inca empires. An English sailor named Francis Drake began stealing gold and silver from the Spanish ships.

The Spanish were angry with the English and sent 130 ships, known as the Spanish Armada, to attack England. However, the English ships were faster and had better weapons. They were able to defeat the Spanish and destroy their fleet. This weakened the Spanish Empire and allowed England to gain power.

A New European Worldview The explorations brought new knowledge and geography and proved that some old beliefs were wrong. Improved mapmaking, or cartography, showed new lands and new possible trade routes.

A New European Worldview New trade routes gave new opportunities for wealth and resources. Europeans could now spread their influence around the world.