PHRASES REVIEW

Rules for the Review 1. Identify the underlined phrase (then click for the answer) 2. Depending on the type of phrase, answer the questions (listed on the next slide) 3. Each time you click the mouse the answer to the question will appear. 4. Rinse and repeat.

Questions for the Phrases  Prepositional Phrase  What is it modifying?  How is it acting?  Appositive Phrase  What is it renaming?  Participle Phrase  What is it modifying?  Gerund Phrase  How is the noun acting?  Infinitive Phrase  Noun? How is the noun acting?  Adverb? What is it modifying?  Adjective? What is it modifying?

This is a story about my cat Spot.  Appositive  Renames “cat”

To understand this story better, I need to provide some background information.  Infinitive  Acting as an adverb (you can move it)  The adverb is modifying the word “need”

Defining my cat is no easy task, you see.  Gerund  Acting as the subject of the sentence

Spot is actually, secretly, by the glow of the moon, Darth Kitty.  Prepositional  Modifying the word “glow”  Acting as an adjective

Darth Kitty did not start his life with me in Iowa…  Prepositional  Modifying the words “did start”  Acting as an adverb

…it had been the family’s job to keep the lighthouse working…  Infinitive  Acting as adjective  Modifying the word “job”

Now, in this family was a little girl, Suzie, and Spot (as he was originally known) belonged to her.  Appositive  Renaming the word “girl”

…Timmy was a jerk who loved tormenting Suzie.  Gerund  Acting as a direct object

…when Timmy got bored he would make fun of Suzie playing with Spot.  Participle  Modifying the word “Suzie”

But Timmy’s favorite trick was to tell Suzie that Spot had seen a huge fish out in the lake…  Infinitive  Acting as a noun  The noun is acting as a predicate nominative

Falling for such tricks every time, Suzie would cry and cry over poor lost Spot.  Participle  Modifying the word “Suzie”

…Spot, the cat, would always be found to have just been sitting in the woods by the pile of brush…  Appositive  Renaming the word “Spot”

…Suzie’s brother, Timmy, would always burn with anger…  Appositive  Renaming the word “brother”

…Timmy needed to do something drastic, something real.  Infinitive  Acting as a noun  The noun is acting as a direct object

Suzie was looking for pebbles to add to her collection…,  Infinitive  Acting as an adjective  The adjective is modifying the word “pebbles”

“…I have something to show you, kitty.”  Infinitive  Acting as an adjective  The adjective is modifying the word “something”

Tilting his head in a curious kitty kind of way, Spot decided that this new boy was more interesting than the mice…  Participle  Modifying the word “Spot”

…Suzie was down by the water…  Prepositional  Acting as an adverb  Modifying the word “down”

Putting on his best look of feigned horror, Timmy ran down to the shore…  Participle  Modifying the word “Timmy”

“…I tried to help him, but…”  Infinitive  Acting as a noun  The noun is acting as a direct object

Realizing this in an instant, Suzie’s doubt rushed away to be replaced with utter horror…  Participle  Modifying the word “Suzie”

… he had never tried to get under her skin…  Infinitive  Acting as a noun  The noun is acting as a direct object

Suzie dropped her pebbles at her feet and started to run…  Prepositional  Acting as an adverb  The adverb is modifying the word “dropped”

She knew exactly where to look because Spot always sat at the same stack of sticks…  Infinitive  Acting as an adjective  The adjective is modifying the word “where”

…she couldn’t stop the tears from coming any longer…  Gerund  The noun is acting like an object of the preposition

Punching Timmy in the face was new for Suzie, but it felt so good…  Gerund  The noun is acting as the subject of the sentence

…once Betty and Gradon, Timmy and Suzies’s mother and father, found out about Spot…  Appositive  Renaming the words “Betty and Gradon”

Not having any friends to play with while growing up is hard on little boys and little girls…  Gerund  The noun is acting like the subject of the sentence

…then Timmy would get flogged for acting so stupidly all the times…  Gerund  The noun is acting as an object of the preposition

“I want to bury Spot at sea, like a sailor…”  Infinitive  Acting as a noun  The noun is acting as a direct object

…he’d rather play his favorite game, Cowboys and Indians.  Appositive  Renaming the word “game”

Singing had always been one of Suzie’s favorite things…  Gerund  Acting as the subject of the sentence

…Timmy began to plot once more…  Infinitive  Acting like a noun  The noun is acting like a direct object

Fuming over his mother and father’s doting, Timmy wanted to do something…  Participle  Modifying the word “Timmy”

…his brain was filled with thoughts of singing to kitties…  Gerund  The noun is acting as an object of the preposition

Jumping up out of bed, he ran down the hall way and stood at Suzie’s door…  Participle  Modifying the word “he”

The smoldering coals sat for a moment, and then jumped into tiny little flames.  Participle  Modifying the word “coals”

Running down the stairs, his father saw his son in the room surrounded by fire…  Participle  Modifying the word “father”

Turning around revealed Suzie was not behind her…  Gerund  The noun is acting as the subject of the sentence

…the fire spread quickly and soon the whole house started to burn.  Infinitive  Acting as an adverb  Modifying the word “started”

Waking up coughing, Suzie could smell the smoke and feel heat…  Participle  Modifying the word “Suzie”

…as she started to black out, all she could think of was her little kitty…  Infinitive  Acting as an adverb  The adverb is modifying the word “started”

Expecting to die is a horrible thing to experience, but surviving is even better…  Gerund  Noun is acting as the subject of the sentence

Crying and crying was her little kitty Spot when Suzie opened her eyes.  Gerund  The noun is acting as the subject of the sentence

Looking just as he had before Timmy had gotten a hold of him, Spot was purring and nuzzling the top of his head into her mouth.  Participle  Modifying the word “Spot”

Then she realized that everywhere her cat Spot stepped Spot left a wet mark on the floor…  Appositive  Renaming the word “cat”

Staggering to her feet was hard for Suzie…  Gerund  The noun is acting as the subject of the sentence

“Spot move!” she shouted suddenly feeling the fiery walls close in about her.  Participle  Modifying the word “she”

…she stooped to pick him up and the smell of a burning house filled her nose.  Infinitive  Acting as an adverb  The adverb is modifying the word “stooped”

Stiffening up her courage, Suzie staggered forward…  Participle  Modifying the word “Suzie”

…only a few feet stood between her and the door and even though the way was filled with more fire than anywhere else, she closed her eyes and ran forward.  Prepositional  Modifying the word “stood”  Acting as an adverb

Her first thought was to not crush her newly returned pet…  Participle  Modifying the word “pet”

She turned to see her family, mother and father clutching each other, and brother, Timmy, trying to hide a smirk.  Appositive  Renaming the word “brother”

…it smelled like iron and salt, and fish washed up on the shore…  Participle  Modifying the word “fish”

…he didn’t stop until he was covered by the freezing waves and the dark of the waters that holds so many of the dead.  Prepositional  Modifying the word “dark”  Acting as an adjective