Journal 9/23 What do you think it means to be ethical? Date/Copy/Answer You need your books today!!!!! 1

Journal 9/25 What do you think you should study to prepare for the quiz on early civilizations? Copy/Date/Answer Current events due tomorrow!!! 2

Journal 9/23 What do you think it means to be ethical? Date/Copy/Answer You need your books today!!!!! 3

Journal 9/24 So far, how does Malala’s life in the book compare and contrast with your life? Date/Copy/Answer 4

Journal 9/26 Study!!! 5

Ancient Indian Civilizations Vocabulary Remember to read the definition, then use your own words when writing it down. 1.Monsoons 2.Citadel 3.Sanskrit 4.Brahmins 5.Epics 6.Bhagavad Gita 7.Caste System 8.Monism 9.Maya 10.Reincarnation 11.Nirvana 12.Polygyny 13.Suttee 14.Inoculation 6 When you are finished get out your timeline. Decorate the front however you would like. Add dates from chapter two that you think were important. *The timelines on pg.18 and pg. 48 will help you.

Read section 1 of chapter 3 7

Journal 9/30 Human migration has been an important part of society throughout history. How does immigration affect the society of the US today? Copy/Date/Answer 8

After Quiz Corrections Make a chart that lists at least 10 facts about the Harappa civilization (includes Mohenjo Daro), using the information on pages Organize your chart into four columns labeled: government, religion, technology, and economy. 9

Using the information in Chapter 3 Section 2, compare and contrast the Indo-Aryan Migrants to the Egyptians (Chapter 2 Section 1 &2). Religion Geography & Protection Economy Trading Transportation Contributions/Achievements Etc… 10

Epic: long historical or religious poem Begin to brainstorm about a historical poem you can write about your life. You may write about one specific event that happened to you or you may choose to write an epic about your entire life. Half a page It can rhyme, but it does not have to If you do not finish it is homework! 11

Journal 10/1 Describe the social classes in American society. Date/Copy/Answer 12

Journal 10/2 Describe the social classes in American society? Date/ Copy/ Answer 13

Journal 10/3 How is the Indian caste system and Hinduism related? Date/Copy/Answer Journals will be taken up next week for a quiz grade! 14

Hinduism and Buddhism Chapter 3 Section 3 15

Introduction to Hinduism Around 700 b.c., some Indian religious thinkers started to question the authority of the Brahmins and spread their messages through the Ganges Plain. Their beliefs became known as Vedanta (end of Vedas) and were written in Upanishads (written explanations of the Vedas). People who could not read nor write had to learn through stories or epics through word of mouth. Epic of Ramayana: Rama, a prince and an incarnation of the god Vishnu, and his wife Sita. Sita was kidnapped by a demon. Rama had to rescue her and became a king. They became role models for men and women. 16

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Social Class Between 1500 B.C. and A.D. 500 a caste system developed in Indian society after the Indo-Aryan migration. 4 distinct Varnas (social classes) 1.Rulers and Warriors 2.Brahmins 3.Merchants, Traders, and Farmers 4.Peasants A fifth group that did not even belong in a Varna, were the untouchables or pariahs. Only held jobs that were considered unclean. Later, the Varna were split into smaller subgroups, called jati. Strict rules Determined jobs 18

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Hinduism Interwoven with the caste system. Developed from the Brahmin priests explanations of the Vedas. Divine essence called Brahmin fills everything Everyone has an individual essence called Atman. Teaches that Brahmin and Atman are one in the same. All things in the universe are the same essence as God = Monism. Teaches that the world is an illusion, Maya, and you must reject it. Believed it took a long to recognize and reject Maya and that is why a persons soul must be reborn over and over (Reincarnation). 20

Two Principles of Hinduism 1.Dharma: doing one’s moral duty in this life so that the soul can advance in the next life. 2.Karma: the good or bad force created by a person’s actions. People who fulfill their dharma will have good karma and be reborn into a higher social group. People who receive bad karma will be reborn into a lower social group or as animals. 3.Souls that grow spiritually eventually reach nirvana. When the cycle of reincarnation is complete and the soul unites with Brahmin. 21

Hindu Religious Practice Often practice yoga, a set of mental and physical exercises designed to bring the body and soul together. Festivals including rituals, music, dancing, eating, and drinking. Represent the seasonal course of nature and welcome the return of a season. Cows are sacred Provide power for plows and carts Produce milk and butter for food Therefore they are protected by law 22

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Beginning of Buddhism Founder = Siddhartha Gautama, aka Buddha. He was the son of a wealthy prince of the region. Grew up with every luxury there was and knew nothing about real- life hardships such as poverty, disease, fear, or ordinary life. He ventured out at the age of 29, and was shocked to learn about the everyday life of others. He left his family and lifestyle to search for truth and meaning (the Great Renunciation). Practiced yoga and fasted so much he almost died. But he did not find the answers he was looking for. After six years of searching, he sat under a tree meditating and felt he now understood the way of life, which is the moment he became Buddha. Spent the rest of his life teaching his followers to pursue the way of life. 24

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Buddha’s Teachings He accepted some Hindu ideas, including reincarnation. However, he thought salvation comes from knowing the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Paths. Taught ethics – a code of morals and conduct Believed desire causes suffering and stressed the importance of selflessness. Did not accept the Hindu gods, but taught that priests should live peaceful, moral lives of poverty. Any person, regardless of caste system could reach nirvana. 26

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Spread of Buddhism Buddha only had a few followers during his lifetime. However, over several centuries, his teaching won the wide acceptance of Asia. Between 200 B.C. an d A.D. 200, Buddhism split into two branches: Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Theravada – Followed traditional beliefs of Buddhism and regarded Buddha as a great teacher and spiritual leader. Mahayana – regarded Buddha as a god and savior. 28

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The Four Noble Truths Get into groups of 4. Each person in the group will pick one of The Four Nobles Truths to write about. Each student should write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about what their Noble Truth means. Provide examples of how they can be applied to everyday life. When you are finished discuss each Noble Truth with your group. Pg

Exit Ticket Write down at least two main ideas that you learned about Hinduism and Buddhism. 31