7.4 Nationalism Threatens Old Empires Fall of Hapsburg & Ottoman Empires

Hapsburg (Austrian) Empire Nations –Austria –Bohemia –Hungary –Romania –Poland –Ukraine –Northern Italy Ethnic Groups –Czechs –Slovaks –Poles –Ukrainians –Serbs –Croats –Slovenes

Questions ??? What problems might a multinational empire face? What problems might Austria face its many ethnic groups?

Hapsburg Empire Declines Hapsburg emperor ruled absolutely –Crushed 1848 nationalist revolts 1859 – Hapsburgs defeated by Sardinia and France (unification of Italy) Limited reforms don’t appease ethnic groups

Questions ??? Why might the Hapsburgs have attempted to reform their empire after their defeat?

Dual Monarchy 1866 – Austria defeated by Prussia (German unification) Hapsburg Empire becomes Austria- Hungary Empire Other ethnic groups resent new arrangement By 1900, government paralyzed by nationalist unrest throughout empire

Questions ??? What event broke the balance and order of the Hapsburg Empire? Why might other ethnic groups resent the Austria-Hungary agreement?

Ottoman Empire Collapses Stretched from Eastern Europe and the Balkans to North Africa and the Middle East Multinational empire 1830s – Serbia and southern Greece won independence Other ethnic groups try to follow

“The sick man of Europe” Mid-1800s – European nations race to claim territory of crumbling Ottoman Empire Balkan nations resent being controlled Wars break out in the Balkans –“Powder keg of Europe”