The Conservative Order & the Challenges of Reform (Ch 21)

THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA = Conservatives controlled Europe

Nationalism (describe it)

Where has it been seen recently in Europe?

What did 19 th European Nationalist want & where?

What does Liberal mean in 19 th century Europe?

Describe the relationship of nationalism to Liberalism? Nationalist wished their own particular ethnic group to dominate. Liberals wanted written constitutions, freedoms of expression & law Same Economic freedom More of a representative government

How long did the conservative governments in Great Britain & Eastern Europe last to? Until WWI

What were the main pillars of 19 th century conservatism? Legitimate monarchies Landed aristocracies Established Church

What group regarded themselves as entrusted with the educational task of supporting the social & political status quo? Church leaders (ecclesiastical leaders)

Why did they fear & hate the Enlightenment? Rational concepts & reformist writings undermined revealed religion

Who was Metternich? Chief Minister of Austria Hated French Rev. ideals Directed C/V toward restoring Old Regimes Austrian desires –Security through balance of power –Stop expansion of French, Prussians and Russians –Stop liberalism & nationalism –Swap Austrian Netherlands for northern Italy

Why did he oppose recognizing political rights of various national groups in the Austrian Empire? Any recognition of political rights & aspirations of the various national groups would mean the probable dissolution of the Empire

Why did the reform movement in Prussia fail? After War of Liberation (as German called the Napoleonic Wars) William III reneged on having a constitutional government

Describe the Burschenschaften? Student associations at Universities (they liked the concept of a united German State) some were anti-Semitic

Why was there political unrest in Brittan under Lord Liverpool’s ministry? Because the government protected the interest of the landed & other wealthy classes. Corn laws=high price for domestically produced grain through import duties on foreign grain. Outlawed worker unions and organizations

the Carlsbad Decrees Government state officials reviewed lectures of professors at Universities Outlawed student groups

Describe what happened in the Peterloo Massacre? August of Organized meeting was held to demand reform in Manchester. Royal troops put down protest. (11 people killed)

What were the Six Acts? 1.Forbade large unauthorized public meetings 2.Raised fines for seditious libel 3.Speeded up the trials of political agitators 4.Increased newspaper taxes 5.Prohibited the training of armed groups 6.Allowed local officials to search homes in certain disturbed counties

The abdication of Napoleon in 1814 opened the way for this king to restore Bourbon rule?

Describe The Charter in France?

Who were the Ultraroyalist and who did they support?

What were the goals of the Concert of Europe?

What was the congress system?

What did the Protocol of Troppau assert?

Why did liberals throughout Europe want to help Greece in their struggle for independence?

Who did Greece win its independence from and in what year?

What famous English poet helps in Greece’s struggle for independence?

What Latin American country was the first to win its independence in 1804, who was their leader?

Why was this event important in the new world?

Why was there Creole discontent in South America?

Why did Creoles resent peninsulares?

Who was Simon Bolivar & what countries did he help liberate?

Describe how Brazil got its independence from Portugal?

Describe how New Spain (Mexico) got its independence from Spain?

What happened in the Decemberist revolt in 1825 Russia?

Why was there unrest in the Russian army?

Why was there a dynastic crisis in Russia in 1825?

Describe the reign of Nicholas I of Russia?

Why was there revolt & repression in Poland?

Describe the reactionary polices of Charles X of France?

What happened in the July Revolution in France?

What was the monarchy under Louis Philippe like in France?

When did Belgium get its independence?

What type of reform was happening in Great Brittan in 1832?

What was the Catholic Emancipation Act?

What did the Great Reform Bill in Great Brittan do?