Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Colonial Government Day 1

DO NOW: What are some modern ideas about government in America? Example : People should vote for their leaders

Human Graph England had a King. That means that the English government was not very modern/ progressive for the time.

Human Graph FALSE England was a “Parliamentary Democracy” That is, they had a King, but a Parliament which had “checks” on the King’s power.

Human Graph Because of their King, English people had very few rights.

Human Graph FALSE English citizens benefitted from a progressive rights based system. They enjoyed: Trial by Jury Property Rights Representative Government (elected parliamentary officials)

Questions we will focus on: What are American ideas about government? Where did these ideas come from?

It Matters Because Using ideas from England and their own experiences, American colonists began developing their beliefs about the proper form and role of government.

English Principles of Government Ideas about government had developed over hundreds of years TWO MAJOR IDEAS 1. PROTECTED RIGHTS 2. REPRESENTATIVE LEGISALATURES *These two ideas influenced the development of American ideas about government

Protected Rights Colonists believed that government must respect civil liberties/rights This was a British Idea that began with the signing of the Magna Carta, a British document reforming the King and his relationship to people’s rights Signed in 1215 Gave people protection against unjust treatment or punishment

Magna Carta Video

Representative Government Representative (Person who represents) English had tradition of electing leaders to represent them to “Parliament” Parliament is like our Congress, a legislature A legislature is a body of government that writes laws.

Parliament Two houses of Parliament House of Lords House of Commons Eldest sons of England’s aristocracy (the upper, ruling class) House of Commons Commoners, mostly merchants and property owners elected by other property owners *This body that wrote laws influenced the US Congress

Representative Government In mid 1600s- power struggle between King James II and Parliament This power struggle was a dispute about the power of parliament vs the king. It was also about religion. Parliament feared King James would bring bath Catholicism as England’s religion. 1688- Parliament removed King James II from power and crowned William of Orange and Mary to rule. William and Mary

Video (begin at 0:56)

Representative Government William and Mary promised to govern England according to the laws passed by Parliament. Called this transfer of power “The Glorious Revolution” From this time on, no ruler would have more power than the Parliament.

Glorious Revolution Video

The English Bill of Rights 1689- English Bill of Rights passed Stated that the ruler could not suspend Parliament’s laws, impose taxes, or raise an army without Parliament’s consent. Members of Parliament had to be freely elected. Citizens of England had the right to a fair trial by jury Also banned cruel and unusual punishment

Government in America 13 Colonies began as either charter or proprietary colonies Charter colonies were based on a charter (a grant of rights by the King to a company) Example: Massachusetts, Virginia Proprietary colonies were the property of an owner or group of owners. Example: Pennsylvania

Royal Colonies Many colonies later became a Royal colony (under control of Britain) VA became royal in 1624 In a royal colony: Parliament appoints a governor and council King/ Parliament controlled their actions Colonists selected an assembly Often argued with governor and council Only white men with property could vote for members of assembly

Local Government in the Colonies Over time townspeople began discussing local issues at town meetings. These developed into local governments with landowners holding the right to vote and pass laws Developed strong belief in their right to self govern. Helped set the stage for American revolution

Closure Day 1 How did the Magna Carta influence government in the colonies? Give an example of representative government in Britain and in America. What is a legislature? What is the British legislature called? American legislature called____________.

4.2 Colonial Government Day 2

Day 2 Opener Have you ever had something taken away? Video games Participation on a team Hanging out with a friend? Write a summary of what it was and how you felt when it was taken away.

I see I think I wonder

Discussion- What is the purpose of a colony? What do you think Britain wanted to get out of having the colonies in the Americas?

What Britain wanted from Colonies

English Economic Policies Mercantilism -A country builds wealth and power by building its supplies of gold and silver. -To achieve this goal, a country must export, or sell to other countries, more than it imports, or buys from other countries. -A country gets rich by building colonies to supply raw materials to sell

Mercantilism Video

Mercantilist Policy England views the colonies and colonists as making money for England England did not have a lot of respect for colonists They thought of them as wild/ frontiersman, not really culturally English Yet, Colonists thought of themselves as part of English society and as entitled to the same rights and representation as others living in England

Question to focus on: How did the colonists react to England’s economic policies?

How the Colonists thought of themselves The Colonists were proud to be English. As Englishmen, they viewed themselves as supporters of liberal English government: Rights based Representative government VERY INDEPENDENT BELIEVED IN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

English Economic Policies England looked to America for raw materials such as tobacco, rice, indigo, wheat, lumber, fur, leather, fish, and whale products. They also wanted colonists to buy English manufactured goods such as tools, clothing, and furniture.

English Economic Policies England began passing a series of laws called the Navigation Acts in the 1650s. The laws forced colonists to sell their raw materials to England even if they could get a better price elsewhere.

Navigation Acts All trade goods had to be carried on ships built in England or the Colonies. The crews of these ships had to be English as well. Goods bought by the colonies from other countries in Europe had to go to England first and be taxed. Video

Colonial Resistance At first, they accepted the Navigation Acts Later, came to resent the acts Colonists wanted to manufacture their own goods rather than buy English goods. Also wanted to sell to nations other than England Colonists smuggled goods to avoid taxes Controls on trade would later harm their relationship.

Closure: Discussion Look back to your “opener” where you wrote about something you had being taken away. How do you think this relates to Colonists and the Navigation Acts? How did the Navigation Acts restrict the freedom of the colonists? How did that make them feel? Create a tweet and complete left sides.