Bell Ringer

US-U9-L5

SSUSH25 G. Analyze the response of President George W. Bush to the attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States, the war against terrorism, and the subsequent American interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq.

President’s Response to 9/11 Attacks Patriot Act Department of Homeland Security Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)

Patriot Act Title I: Enhancing Domestic Security against Terrorism Title II: Surveillance Procedures Title III: Anti-money-laundering to prevent terrorism Title IV: Border Security Title V: Removing obstacles to investigating terrorism

Patriot Act Title VI: Victims and families of victims of terrorism Title VII: Increased information sharing for critical infrastructure protection Title VIII: Terrorism Criminal Law Title IX: Improved Intelligence Title X: Miscellaneous

Department of Homeland Security Controls the Coast Guard, the Border patrol, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Customs Service, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as well as others. Primary responsibilities include protecting the territory of the United States and protectorates from and responding to terrorist attacks, man-made accidents, and natural disasters

War against Terrorism Includes an international coalition proposed by Bush to fight the al- Qaeda network and other terrorist groups. The phrase War on Terror was first used by US President George W. Bush to describe a global military, political, legal and ideological struggle against organizations designated as terrorist. It was typically used with a particular focus on militant Islamists and al-Qaeda.

American Intervention in Afghanistan The invasion of Afghanistan by the US military and allied forces is called Operation Enduring Freedom. The country’s Taliban government was harboring the al-Qaeda leadership. The allied forces quickly defeated the Taliban government and destroyed the al-Qaeda network in Afghanistan, however, Taliban leader Bin Laden escaped. Bin Laden was shot and killed May 2, 2011 by the US military.

American Intervention in Iraq In March 2003, American and British troops invaded Iraq in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Iraqi president, Saddam Hussein, went into hiding while US forces searched for weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) that President Bush feared Hussein had and could supply to terrorists for the use against the US. No weapons of mass destruction were found before Hussein was captured. After his capture, he was convicted of crimes against humanity at an international tribunal and executed in 2006.

Closing What were President Bush’s responses to the September 11 th attacks? Explain each response in your own words. What is the purpose of the Department of Homeland Security? What is the name of the terrorist group responsible for the September 11 th attacks on the US?