Day 5-STAAR Review Important Eras in US History and the key people within each Era

Colonization John Smith- successful leader of Jamestown John Rolfe- brought tobacco to America Thomas Hooker- founded Connecticut, helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Charles de Montesquieu- his writings on checks and balances inspired Madison William Blackstone- writings on the judicial system inspired Madison and Jefferson William Penn- founded Pennsylvania (Quaker) Roger Williams- founded Rhode Island for religious freedom

American Revolution Samuel Adams- founder of Sons of Liberty Benjamin Franklin- Founding Father who helped write the Constitution and Declaration of Independence and encouraged France to join the Patriots during the Revolution King George III-King of England Thomas Jefferson-wrote the Declaration of Independence John Locke-writings on natural (unalienable) rights influenced Jefferson’s writings. Patrick Henry- Patriot who believed freedom was worth dying for; “give me liberty or give me death.” Thomas Paine- wrote Common Sense George Washington-Commander of the Continental Army John Paul Johns- first American naval commander; “I have not yet begun to fight.” Abigail Adams -wife of John Adams, wrote letters to husband during war. John Adams- patriot leader who helped write the Declaration Wentworth Cheswell- African American soldier in the Continental Army. Mercy Otis Warren- female patriot who wrote plays and poems encouraging independence James Armistead- African American spy for the Continental Army Bernardo de Galvez- Spanish governor of Louisiana that helped the Continental Army Crispus Attucks- African American shot during the Boston Massacre Haym Solomon- helped pay for the American Revolution Marquis de Lafayette- French officer who helped Washington during the Revolution

Constitutional Convention Alexander Hamilton- Federalist, wrote the Federalist Papers John Jay- Federalist, wrote the Federalist Papers James Madison- Federalist, wrote the Federalist Papers Patrick Henry- Anti-Federalist George Mason- Anti-Federalist

Early Republic John Marshall- served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for over 30 years

Jacksonian Democracy Andrew Jackson-7 th President, common man president; helped expand suffrage to all white males. John Q. Adams- 6 th president and the one responsible for the 1828 Tariff Law John C. Calhoun- Andrew Jackson’s vice president; from South Carolina; leader in the Nullification Crisis and the Doctrine of Nullification Henry Clay- The Great Compromiser, helped write a compromise to end the Crisis. Daniel Webster- believed in a strong union, helped Clay write a compromise

Industrial Revolution Eli Whitney- invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts Samuel Slater- brought first textile mill to America Henry Lowell- provided factor jobs to young women in New England

Westward Expansion Lewis and Clark- Main 2 explorers of the Louisiana Territory

Reform and Social Movements Elizabeth Cady Stanton- led women’s movement towards equality and suffrage; wrote the Declaration of Sentiments Lucretia Mott- powerful speaker and leader in the women’s movement; led the Seneca Falls Convention Frederick Douglass- former slave, abolitionist, and powerful speaker Susan B. Anthony- a leader in the women’s rights movement Henry David Thoreau- urged people to not obey laws they thought were unjust- Civil Disobedience John J. Audubon- artist who painted birds of North America William Lloyd Garrison- abolitionist who wrote a newspaper The Liberator Horace Mann- leader of the education reform movement, father of education Sojourner Truth- leader in both the abolitionist and women’s rights movement Dorothea Dix- leader in the prison reform movement and care for the disabled movement

Sectionalism Harriet Beecher Stowe- wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin which discussed the horrors of slavery Henry Clay- “The Great Compromiser”, wrote Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 Daniel Webster- believed in keeping the Union strong; argued that people not states made up the Union John Brown- abolitionist who was involved in Bleeding Kansas and Harper’s Ferry Raid

Civil War Abraham Lincoln- President for the Union U.S. Grant –Union Commander Jefferson Davis- President for the Confederacy Robert E. Lee- Confederate Commander Philip Bazaar- member of the US Navy during the Civil War, won a Congressional Medal of Honor Stonewall Jackson- one of the best Confederate generals William Carney- African American soldier who served in the 54 th Massachusetts Regiment during the war; first African American to win the Congressional Medal of Honor Clara Barton- nurse who helped during the Civil War; founded the Red Cross

Reconstruction Andrew Johnson- Lincoln’s vice president who became President when Lincoln was assassinated. Hiram Rhodes Revels- first African American to serve in Congress as a Senator (Mississippi).