The Civil Rights Movement: Chapter 38 Review

What Rights are worth fighting for? Are all Americans entitled to the same civil rights? What are the risks of demanding rights? Why might some people fight against equal rights? Do we have true equality today in the United States?

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Growth of the Civil Rights Movement Truman ends segregation in armed forces 1948 Congress refuses to pass civil rights legislation Jim Crow still ruled the South Decision of civil rights left up to the Supreme Court head by Chief Justice Earl Warren

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 1954

Montgomery Bus Boycott Began w/ Rosa Parks Dec. 1st 1955 Lasted 1 year Gave rise to 27year old Rev. Martin Luther King

Little Rock Nine September 1957- Central High School was to enroll 9 black students Gov. Orval Faubus of Arkansas mobilized the National Guard to keep the students from entering President Eisenhower sent in troops to escort children to their classes

Death of Emmett Till- 1955 His death caused a serge in the Civil Rights Movement Showed the brutality of southern violence towards African- Americans created outrage across the nation

Emmett Till

Martin Luther King Jr. Formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference 1957 Mobilized black churches to work towards black rights Believed in peaceful demonstrations 1st phase of Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Act 1957 passed under Eisenhower Set up a civil rights commission to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal gov. to protect voting rights

“Sit-In”

Student Non-violent Coordination Committee

Freedom Ride 1961

James Meredith Won case allowing him to enroll at University of Mississippi Gov. Barnett would not let him register President Kennedy ordered federal marshals Riots erupted lasting 15 hours

Children Take Action Birmingham, Alabama April 1963

Children in Jail

President Kennedy Acts June 11, 1963 sends troops to University of Alabama to enforce desegregation Calls for new civil rights legislation MLK “March on Washington”

Kennedy Assassination Kennedy unable to pass Civil Rights Legislation due to southern democrats Fight continued by Lyndon B. Johnson Civil Rights Act of 1964- banned discrimination based on sex, race, religion Voting Rights Acts of 1965- eliminated literacy tests in the South

Robert Kennedy

Watts, Los Angeles

Black Power 2nd phase of Civil Rights movement Civil Rights movement changes from non- violence protests of MLK to use of force tactics of Malcolm X Nation of Islam Elijah Muhammad

1965

Black Muslims Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) Belief that Blacks should separate from white society as whites caused their condition Malcolm X was a follower believed in armed self defense

In March 1964 Malcolm left the Nation of Islalm and established his own religious organization, the Organization of Afro-American Unity. advocated world brotherhood. blamed racism on Western culture and urged African Americans to join with sympathetic whites. Malcolm X was shot dead at a party meeting in Harlem on 21st February, 1965. Three Black Muslims were later convicted of the murder.

Black Panthers Began in Oakland, Ca. Led by Stokely Carmichael “Black Power”

April 4, 1968- MLK Assassination

June 5,1968 Robert Kennedy Assassination

2009