“Becoming a World Power” 8th Grade Chapter 23 “Becoming a World Power”

Section 1: “The United States Continues to Expand” By the 1880s, American leaders became convinced that the U.S. should take part in _________________, the policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories. Europe had used imperialism for many years. By the early 20th century ____________________ and ________________ were the only independent countries in Africa. Imperialist countries also competed for claims in _________, where they had to compete with _______. 3 factors helped fuel the development of American imperialism: 1) ______________interests. Economic leaders argued that expansion would increase U.S. financial prosperity. New colonies were a potential source of cheap __________________. 2) ___________ imperialism Ethiopia Liberia Asia Japan Economic raw materials Military

Interests. ____________________ had argued that economic interests went hand-in-hand with _____ ________ interests. 3) Belief in cultural superiority. Many Americans believed their gov’t, religion and race were superior to those of other societies. Some saw a chance to spread ____________________, while others wanted to advance __________________. A strong backer of expansion was _______________, who arranged to purchase ______________ from Russia in 1867. Newspapers referred to Alaska as “__________________________.” In the early 1800s, Christian missionaries from the U.S. had moved to the __________________________ to convert the local population. By the late 1800s, wealthy ________________ dominated Hawaii’s economy. Alfred T. Mahan Mili- tary democratic ideas Christianity Wlm. Seward Alaska Seward’s icebox Kingdom of Hawaii planters

In 1891, ________________________ became leader of Hawaii In 1891, ________________________ became leader of Hawaii. She wanted to limit the power of the ___________, upsetting American planters who saw her as a threat to their ________________ and ______ ______ interests. In Jan. 1893, they staged a _____ _____. With the help of the __________________, they set up their own gov’t., then asked to be _________ by the U.S. In 1887, American leaders had pressured Hawaii to allow a U.S. naval base at ____________________, the kingdom’s best port. It became an important refueling station for American merchant ships bound for _________. President ______________________________ did not approve of the planters’ actions and withdrew a treaty to annex HI. It would not be annexed until 1898. Queen Liliuokalani planters political eco- re- nomic volt U.S. Marines annexed Pearl Harbor Asia Grover Cleveland

Section 2: “The Spanish-American War” Read “One American’s Story” p. 662. By the 1890s, Spain controlled only the Philippine Islands, _________ and _________________and many inhabitants of these colonies began to demand independence. __________ had rebelled against Spain many times. This revolt caused alarm in _______________ because it disrupted ___________ with Cuba. The newspaper, The World, owned by ____________ ______________ and the New York Journal, owned by ___________________________ were battling for customers. Both papers described, and often _____ __________ news about Spanish cruelty. This sensational type of writing became known as _____ ______________. “The United States Goes to War” Cuba Puerto Rico Cuba the U.S. trade Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst exag- gerated yellow journalism

_______________________, president in 1898, did not want war, but the public, stirred up by sensational _______________________, forced him to take action. He demanded that Spain halt its harsh treatment of Cubans, but little changed. In January 1898, McKinley sent the _______________ to Cuba to protect U.S. citizens from riots. The following month it exploded and sank in _________ harbor, killing 260 sailors. ___________________caused the explosions. Most historians think it was __________________. The Americans blamed ________. “Remember the _________” became a call to arms. When Spain refused to withdraw from Cuba, the _____________ _____________ began. The first battle was fought in ____________________. William McKinley newspaper reports U.S.S. Maine Havana’s No one knows who an accident Spain Maine Spanish- American the Philippines

“The War in the Caribbean” Many _______________ had revolted against the Spanish as well. The Filipino independence movement attracted the attention of __________________, asst. secretary of the navy, who put American ships in Hong Kong on alert. Commodore _______________________ set out for Manila, Philippines before the war began. The battle in _____________________ began in the early morning and by a little past noon, Dewey’s forces had destroyed the Spanish fleet. “The War in the Caribbean” One of the new recruits for the war was _________ _____________, who helped organize the _________ ________________, a volunteer cavalry unit. When the recruits arrived in Cuba, many became sick with _____________________. Filipinos Theodore Roosevelt George Dewey Manila Bay Teddy Roosevelt Rough Riders tropical diseases

In order to gain control of Santiago’s port, American troops had to capture __________________. ______________________ from the Tenth Cavalry began to drive the Spanish back. Two days later, American ships destroyed Spain’s fleet as it tried to escape ________________________. On August 12, 1898, Spain signed a truce. “Results of the War” American leaders demanded Spain give up _______ __________, _________, and ____________________. A difficult question dealt with the Philippines, whose citizens had fought alongside Americans with the understanding that they would gain ______ ________________. President McKinley decided that the country would become an American __________. Filipinos led by ____________________ rebelled and the U.S. did not restore order until 1902. San Juan Hill African Americans Santiago Harbor Puerto Rico Cuba the Philippines inde- pendence colony Emilio Aguinaldo

The U. S. also had to decide what to do about Cuba The U.S. also had to decide what to do about Cuba. The Cubans had to add the _____________________, which gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime, to their constitution. They also had to allow a U.S. naval base at _________________ ______. ________________ became a territory, and its citizens had little to say in their own affairs. Not until 1917 would the U.S. make it a self-governing territory and grant U.S. ________________ to its citizens. Several well-known Americans, including Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, and ____________________ opposed imperialism and created the _____________ _____________. They believed Americans should not deny other people sovereignty. Their voice was lost in the roar of popular approval of the war. Platt Amendment Guantánamo Bay Puerto Rico citizenship Mark Twain Anti-Imper- Ialist League