Section II: Feudalism and the Manor System (Pages ) This section is about: This section is about: The impact of the Viking invasions on Europe (which led to the Norman conquest of England). The impact of the Viking invasions on Europe (which led to the Norman conquest of England). The social and economic structure of feudalism in medieval society. The social and economic structure of feudalism in medieval society.

Look at page 276: Main Ideas. Look at page 276: Main Ideas. The word Feudalism is in there – we heard about that with Japan. The word Feudalism is in there – we heard about that with Japan. Is this the same thing? (there’s a picture on page 277). Is this the same thing? (there’s a picture on page 277). There are 5 new words in the vocabulary – let’s check those out before we start. There are 5 new words in the vocabulary – let’s check those out before we start.

The Viking Invasions of Europe The Vikings are from Northern Europe (Scandinavia). The Vikings are from Northern Europe (Scandinavia). The were called “northmen” or “norsemen” The were called “northmen” or “norsemen” They were warriors, craftsmen, traders, and travelers (even came to the Americas) They were warriors, craftsmen, traders, and travelers (even came to the Americas) No one knows why, but they started invading people in the 9 th century. No one knows why, but they started invading people in the 9 th century.

The Crisis of Power in England By the 10 th century, the Vikings had invaded and conquered Charlemagne’s empire (after he was gone) and settled in northern Europe (today called Normandy). By the 10 th century, the Vikings had invaded and conquered Charlemagne’s empire (after he was gone) and settled in northern Europe (today called Normandy). The Norman rulers (William of Normandy) wanted to expand the empire. The Norman rulers (William of Normandy) wanted to expand the empire. King Edward (England – with no kids/heirs) promised William he could have his throne after he died. King Edward (England – with no kids/heirs) promised William he could have his throne after he died. But, just before he died, Edward gave it to Harold, Earl of Wessex. But, just before he died, Edward gave it to Harold, Earl of Wessex.

The Norman Conquest So William invaded England (1066). So William invaded England (1066). In one battle, Harold was killed. In one battle, Harold was killed. William marched to London (now called William the Conqueror) and was crowned King of England (on Christmas day, 1066). William marched to London (now called William the Conqueror) and was crowned King of England (on Christmas day, 1066). This is known as the Norman Conquest of England This is known as the Norman Conquest of England

Feudalism Feudalism Things changed pretty quick in England Things changed pretty quick in England William took land away from Harold’s nobles and gave it to his own warriors (as a reward for their loyalty). William took land away from Harold’s nobles and gave it to his own warriors (as a reward for their loyalty). This policy of giving land to people who are under you is known as feudalism. This policy of giving land to people who are under you is known as feudalism. ……. …….

Land Grants and Services The king would give land (a manor) to a lord or knight. The king would give land (a manor) to a lord or knight. This manor would be big enough to include a small town or village. This manor would be big enough to include a small town or village. They would promise to be loyal to the king. They would promise to be loyal to the king. The lord could give/share parts of the land to others, but the king still owned it. The lord could give/share parts of the land to others, but the king still owned it. Each person who had a portion of land was called a vassal. Each person who had a portion of land was called a vassal. More… More…

The lord agreed to protect the vassal. The lord agreed to protect the vassal. The vassal pledged loyalty to the lord. The vassal pledged loyalty to the lord. The vassal had to pay “rent”, and spend 40 days in the lords military service every year. The vassal had to pay “rent”, and spend 40 days in the lords military service every year. You could also be a vassal and a lord – if you were given land, and passed some of that on to people “below” you. You could also be a vassal and a lord – if you were given land, and passed some of that on to people “below” you. You might even have 2 lords. You might even have 2 lords. The main lord was called a liege lord. The main lord was called a liege lord. If there were disagreements, battles, or wars, it could get complicated If there were disagreements, battles, or wars, it could get complicated

Knighthood The lord of the manor was both a noble and a knight (he had earned his land by being a good warrior for the king). The lord of the manor was both a noble and a knight (he had earned his land by being a good warrior for the king). But being a knight meant much more than that. But being a knight meant much more than that. Their code of conduct was called chivalry Their code of conduct was called chivalry Had to be loyal, brave, honest, and defend the weak and less privileged. Had to be loyal, brave, honest, and defend the weak and less privileged. Being a good knight could mean more land, more vassals, more wealth… Being a good knight could mean more land, more vassals, more wealth… And it took a lot of money to be a knight: equipment, horse, armor, your “peeps” ….. And it took a lot of money to be a knight: equipment, horse, armor, your “peeps” …..

Importance of Castles For protection, kings and lords built great castles. For protection, kings and lords built great castles. Had a moat (more protection), areas for the family, for weapons, for horses, for food (everything they’d need for a long attack). Had a moat (more protection), areas for the family, for weapons, for horses, for food (everything they’d need for a long attack). They were often near rivers or important trade routes. They were often near rivers or important trade routes. They were also symbols of status and wealth. They were also symbols of status and wealth.

Women in the Middle Ages Women could own land (until they got married). Women could own land (until they got married). Noble daughters were used for political, financial, or territorial gains (married off). Noble daughters were used for political, financial, or territorial gains (married off). The lord often wanted peasant girls to get married right away – and have lots of peasant kids to work. The lord often wanted peasant girls to get married right away – and have lots of peasant kids to work. Peasant Women: 1 or 2 room cottages and worked in the fields, took care of kids, and cooked (bread, grain, vegetables, cheese, and soup. Peasant Women: 1 or 2 room cottages and worked in the fields, took care of kids, and cooked (bread, grain, vegetables, cheese, and soup. Manor Ladies: supervised peasants in the field, supervised food and its preparation, trained to spin/weave/make cloth, care for the sick, entertain, be musical, know how to play games, and take care of the manor when the lord was away. Manor Ladies: supervised peasants in the field, supervised food and its preparation, trained to spin/weave/make cloth, care for the sick, entertain, be musical, know how to play games, and take care of the manor when the lord was away.

The Economics of Feudalism Wealth was usually measured in land (and more land meant more food). Wealth was usually measured in land (and more land meant more food). Most people didn't have any money, so they agreed to work the land in exchange for “rent.” Most people didn't have any money, so they agreed to work the land in exchange for “rent.” The landowner would give them protection, and some food, clothing, and shelter. The landowner would give them protection, and some food, clothing, and shelter. This system is called manorialism This system is called manorialism

Peasants Most people at this time were peasants. Most people at this time were peasants. Some were free to move around, but most were serfs (peasants who were legally bound to their manor). Some were free to move around, but most were serfs (peasants who were legally bound to their manor). Serfs could even be sold with the land Serfs could even be sold with the land Most only owned a few tools and some animals. Most only owned a few tools and some animals. They were not allowed to leave without the lords permission. They were not allowed to leave without the lords permission. They paid rent in the form of food. They paid rent in the form of food. They “agreed” to work part of the week in the lord’s fields. They “agreed” to work part of the week in the lord’s fields. But the lord would supply them with a place to live and with protection. But the lord would supply them with a place to live and with protection.

Technology Brings Improvements to Farming By the 11 th century, things were a little better (plenty of food and less wars at the time). By the 11 th century, things were a little better (plenty of food and less wars at the time). There were some new farming inventions at this time There were some new farming inventions at this time 1. An iron plow 2. A new harness for animal teams 3. The idea of rotating crops Lords began to realize if they didn’t treat their people better, they’d leave, so they started treating them better Lords began to realize if they didn’t treat their people better, they’d leave, so they started treating them better

Horrible Histories: The Viking Report Horrible Histories: Vicious Vikings Horrible Histories: Vicious Vikings: Feud and Funerals Horrible Histories: Nasty Knights: Castle Defenses