My Questions survey January 2011 on Calvinist and Arminian Beliefs Survey of 1,002 Protestant Pastors

2 Methodology The telephone survey of Protestant pastors was conducted January 17-27, 2011 The calling list was randomly drawn from a list of all Protestant churches. Up to six calls were made to reach a sampled phone number Each interview was conducted with the senior pastor, minister or priest of the church called Quotas were used to maintain an accurate size distribution of Protestant churches Responses were weighted within the size groups to reflect the geographic distribution of Protestant churches

3 Methodology continued The completed sample is 1,002 phone interviews The sample provides 95% confidence that the sampling error does not exceed + 3.2% Margins of error are higher in sub-groups

4 Summary of the strongest opinions among pastors about personally being Calvinist or Arminian I am theologically reformed or Calvinist. I am theologically Arminian or Wesleyan. 29% are strongly neither (strongly disagree with both the Calvinist and Arminian labels) 12% are strongly Arminian (strongly agree to being theologically Arminian and strongly disagree to being Calvinist) 10% are strongly Calvinist (strongly agree to being theologically Calvinist and strongly disagree to being Arminian) 4% are strongly confused (strongly agree to being both theologically Calvinist and Arminian) Among Protestant Pastors

5 “I am theologically reformed or a Calvinist.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 4% Among Protestant Pastors

6 No significant differences exist by pastor age, pastor education, region, and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors of churches with average worship attendance of 250 or more are more likely than those in churches with attendance of to strongly disagree they are Calvinist (57% compared to 47%). Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “I am theologically reformed or a Calvinist.”

7 “I am theologically Arminian or Wesleyan.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 4% Among Protestant Pastors

8 No significant differences exist by pastor education, region, and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors under age 45 are more likely than other age groups to strongly disagree they are Arminian (55%) Pastors of churches with average worship attendance of (14%) are less likely than those in churches with attendance under 50 (27%) and (28%) to strongly agree they are Arminian. Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “I am theologically Arminian or Wesleyan.”

9 “My church is theologically reformed or Calvinist.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 4% Among Protestant Pastors

10 No significant differences exist by pastor age, pastor education, church size, region, and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “My church is theologically reformed or Calvinist.”

11 Comparison of Calvinist pastors and whether they describe their church as theologically reformed. I am theologically reformed or a Calvinist. My church is theologically reformed or Calvinist. Among pastors who strongly agree they are personally theologically Calvinist, 64% strongly agree and 26% somewhat agree their church is theologically reformed. Among pastors who somewhat agree they are personally theologically Calvinist, 10% strongly agree and 67% somewhat agree their church is theologically reformed. Among pastors who strongly agree their church is reformed, 85% strongly agree they personally are theologically Calvinist. Among Protestant Pastors

12 “My church is theologically Arminian or Wesleyan.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 4% Among Protestant Pastors

13 No significant differences exist by pastor age, pastor education, region, and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors of churches with average worship attendance of (14%) are less likely than those in churches with attendance under 50 (25%) and (26%) to strongly agree their church is theologically Arminian. Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “My church is theologically Arminian or Wesleyan.”

14 Comparison of Arminian pastors and whether they describe their church as theologically Arminian. I am theologically Arminian or Wesleyan. My church is theologically Arminian or Wesleyan. Among pastors who strongly agree they personally are theologically Arminian, 84% strongly agree and 14% somewhat agree their church is theologically Arminian. Among pastors who somewhat agree they are personally theologically Arminian, 9% strongly agree and 77% somewhat agree their church is theologically Arminian. Among pastors who strongly agree their church is Arminian, 90% strongly agree they are personally theologically Arminian. Among Protestant Pastors

15 “It diminishes God’s sovereignty to invite all persons to repent and believe.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 2% Among Protestant Pastors

16 No significant differences exist by region and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors age 65+ are more likely than other age groups to strongly agree (21%) and less likely to strongly disagree (72%) that it diminishes God’s sovereignty to invite all persons to repent and believe. Pastors with some college or less education are more likely than other age groups to strongly agree (21%) and less likely to strongly disagree (70%). Pastors of churches with average worship attendance under 50 (16%) are more likely than those in churches with attendance of (8%) and 250+ (8%) to strongly agree. Differences by sub-groups of Protestant Pastors “It diminishes God’s sovereignty to invite all persons to repent and believe.”

17 “God predestines some people to salvation before the foundation of the world, and predestines some to damnation.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 2% Among Protestant Pastors

18 No patterns of clear differences exist by pastor education, church size and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors in the Northeast are more likely to strongly disagree that God predestines than pastors in the South (84% compared to 71%). Pastors age 65+ (1%) are less likely than those ages (6%) or under age 45 (7%) to strongly agree. Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “God predestines some people to salvation before the foundation of the world, and predestines some to damnation.”

19 “Christ died only for the elect, not for everyone in the world.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 1% Among Protestant Pastors

20 No significant differences exist by pastor age, pastor education, church size, and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors in the Northeast (7%) are more likely than those in the Midwest (2%) or West (1%) to strongly agree that Christ died only for the elect. Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “Christ died only for the elect, not for everyone in the world.”

21 “God loves only the elect, not everyone in the world.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 0% Among Protestant Pastors

22 No significant differences exist by pastor age, pastor education, church size, region, and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “God loves only the elect, not everyone in the world.”

23 “I am a five-point Calvinist.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 4% Among Protestant Pastors

24 No patterns of clear differences exist by pastor age, pastor education, region, and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors of churches with average worship attendance under 50 are less likely than those in churches with attendance 250+ to strongly disagree they are a 5-point Calvinist (72% compared to 83%). Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “I am a five-point Calvinist.”

25 “A person can, after becoming a Christian, reject Christ and lose their salvation.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 3% Among Protestant Pastors

26 No patterns of clear differences exist by pastor age, pastor education, region, and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors of churches with average worship attendance of are more likely to strongly agree a person can lose their salvation than those with attendance of (44% compared to 34%). Pastors of churches with average worship attendance of (25%) are less likely to strongly disagree than those in churches with attendance under 50 (37%) or (39%). Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “A person can, after becoming a Christian, reject Christ and lose their salvation.”

27 “God is the true evangelist and when he calls someone to himself, his grace is irresistible.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 3% Among Protestant Pastors

28 No significant differences exist by pastor age, region, and whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors with some college or less education (26%) are less likely than pastors with a Doctorate degree (37%) to strongly agree. Pastors with some college or less education (33%) are more likely to strongly disagree that God is the true evangelist than pastors with a Bachelor’s degree (22%). Pastors of churches with average worship attendance of (27%) are less likely to strongly agree than those with attendance of (35%) Pastors of churches under 50 (12%) are less likely to somewhat agree than other church sizes; pastors of churches (16%) are less likely to somewhat disagree than other church sizes. Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “God is the true evangelist and when he calls someone to himself, his grace is irresistible.”

29 “People become Christians NOT because they first put their trust in Jesus as Savior and Lord; God makes them Christians first, and then they believe in Christ.” For the following questions, please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. Not sure 6% Among Protestant Pastors

30 No significant differences exist by whether the pastor indicates they are Evangelical or Mainline. Pastors age 65+ are more likely than those ages to strongly agree God makes people Christians (61% compared to 51%). Pastors with some college or less education are more likely than pastors with a Doctorate degree to strongly disagree (61% compared to 48%). Pastors in the South (47%) are less likely to strongly disagree than pastors in the Midwest (56%) and West (62%). Pastors of churches with average worship attendance under 50 have significantly different responses than those with attendance of : they are less likely to strongly agree (8% compared to 14%) and more likely to strongly disagree (60% compared to 50%). Differences by sub-groups of Protestant pastors “People become Christians NOT because they first put their trust in Jesus as Savior and Lord; God makes them Christians first, and then they believe in Christ.”

Survey of 1,002 Protestant Pastors My Questions survey January 2011 on Calvinist and Arminian Beliefs