Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme 1 Questionnaire on Clinical Pharmacology

1. Is there a clear definition of clinical pharmacology in your country? Yes: 22No: 5 a. As a scientific discipline? Yes: 20No: 7 b. As an academic discipline in teaching and research? Yes: 24No: 3 c. As a medical specialty with defined functions in patient care? Yes: 17No: Is clinical pharmacology recognized as a medical specialty by your government? Yes: 21No: 6 ( Belgium, Estonia, France, Greece, Lithuania, Turkey) Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme2

2a. If the specialty of Clinical Pharmacology is recognized by your country as a separate medical specialty, how long ago was it recognized? ≥ 40 years: Finland, Germany ≥ 30 years: Croatia, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden > 20 years: Bosnia Herzegovina, Hungary, Norway, Spain, UK > 15 years: Austria, Denmark 5-15 years: Bulgaria, Israel, Romania, Russia, Switzerland 3-5 years: Italy Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme3

2b. Requirements of training in terms of year after internship? Number of years in clinical pharmacology? Number of years in other specialties? Which one(s)? Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme4 Predominantly internal medicine Austria 6 vs 3 years; Hungary 4 vs 2 years; Czech Republ. 5 vs 2 years; Israel 4 vs 2.5 years; Estonia 3 vs 1 year; Slovakia 3 vs 2 years; France 3 vs 1 year; The Netherlands 4 vs 1.5 years Predominantly clinical pharmacology Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Romania, Spain, Sweden Dual pharmacological and clinical training Finland, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland, UK

3. Is clinical pharmacology recognized as a separate medical specialty by any other authority in your country? Yes: 12No: 8 4. Are other professional groups (such as pharmacists) recognized as clinical pharmacologists? Yes: 5No: What is the number of positions in clinical pharmacology in your country (only MD:s should be counted)? < Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme5

6 7. What is the approximate number of clinical pharmacologists per million inhabitants? 10 Hungary, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden

Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme7 Number of Clin pharmacologists/ million habitants Brown < 1 Yellow 1-5 Purple 5-10 Red > 10

8. Describe the functions of MD clinical pharmacologists in health care – drug related problems: Drug problem oriented consultations21 Clinical trials19 TDM19 DTC14 Drug information services13 ADR clinic11 Pharmacogenetic consultations 9 Pharmacoepidemiology and drug utilization 7 Pharmacovigilance 8 Ethics committee 5 Pharmacoeconomy 4 Pharmacotherapy in pregnancy 3 Drug intoxications 4 Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme8