World War I was all about the place of Germany in Europe

France and Germany hated each other! When Germany became united country in , France went to war to try to stop it … but got WHOPPED!

France also lost Alsace-Lorraine in The French never forgave the Germans. They wanted REVENGE.

Germany in the Middle That made it VULNERABLE if it came to a war.

Causes of the Great War its peak by 1914 its peak by Industrial Revolution 4 conditions lead to the Great War 4 conditions lead to the Great War - M.A.I.N. 1.Militarism 2.Alliance System 3.Imperialism 4.Nationalism

Imperialism Competition among nations for colonies, resources, markets, etc. Competition among nations for colonies, resources, markets, etc. GB and France successful while Germ and Austria- Hungary not! GB and France successful while Germ and Austria- Hungary not!

Imperialism and the Balance of Power

Militarism Pride in fighting for country, glory, heroism Pride in fighting for country, glory, heroism Increased build-up of military spending & military forces Increased build-up of military spending & military forces 1.Germany: naval forces to rival England 2.Increase size of most Euro armies

Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

Nationalism Desire of a people to rule themselves Desire of a people to rule themselves –Americans vs British (1776) –Bosnian Slavs vs AH (1914)

Alliance System Triple Alliance 1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Ottoman Empire Triple Entente 1907 France, Russia, Great Britain Effect: If two countries have a conflict, this will bring in all of their allies= WORLD CONFLICT!

Stage is Set Nationalism in Bosnia and Serbia Nationalism in Bosnia and Serbia Competition for Bosnia Competition for Bosnia –Russia and A-H compete for control of Balkan Peninsula –1908, A-H annexes Bosnia; –Serbia wants independence for Bosnia! –Serbian Nationalists scheme to assassinate Archduke of Austria-Hungary (heir to the thrown)

War Breaks Out Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, June 1914 June 1914 Serbian Nationalist Group called the Black Hand Serbian Nationalist Group called the Black Hand July 5, 1914 Germany issues A-H “blank check” July 5, 1914 Germany issues A-H “blank check” –pledging military assistance if A-H goes to war against Russia ADFF Gavrilo Princip

Who’s To Blame?

Timeline AH and Germany vs Serbia AH and Germany vs Serbia Russia defends Slavic country of Serbia Russia defends Slavic country of Serbia France supports ally Russia France supports ally Russia Germany invades Belgium (“Belgium is a country, not a road”) Germany invades Belgium (“Belgium is a country, not a road”) Belgium gains British support Belgium gains British support WORLD WAR I Begins – July 28, 1914 WORLD WAR I Begins – July 28, 1914

Alliances Grow Triple Entente  “Allied Powers” Triple Entente  “Allied Powers” –France, Great Britain, Russia, Belgium Triple Alliance  “Central Powers” Triple Alliance  “Central Powers” –Germany, A-H, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Where is the US in all of this?

What plan do you think Germany had to end the war?

“Race to the Sea” Paris then Moscow Paris then Moscow von Schlieffen Plan von Schlieffen Plan Belgium... Britain Belgium... Britain 1 st Battle of the Marne 1 st Battle of the Marne

Mobilization  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHome by Christmas! NNo major war in 50 years! NNationalism!

A Young Australian Recruit

Recruits of the Central Powers Austro-HungariansAustro-Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

New French Recruits

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

Modern Warfare Stalemate- situation where neither side is able to gain the advantage Stalemate- situation where neither side is able to gain the advantage Both sides thought quick war Both sides thought quick war

Trench Warfare Dug themselves into the ground Dug themselves into the ground Horrible conditions Horrible conditions –Dead bodies –Rats –Lice  Trench Fever Caused the war to drag on Caused the war to drag on

US Response Neutral Neutral Personal involvement Personal involvement –Why would a third of the population feel personally involved? –¼ German, 1/8 Irish: Didn’t like GB US opposed Kaiser Wilhelm US opposed Kaiser Wilhelm –Autocrat: Ruler with unlimited power

US Response Why would the US stay neutral? Why would the US stay neutral? Trade Trade –US investment: 3.5 billion German ships disrupting trade German ships disrupting trade

Preparation and Peace GB urged US to prepare GB urged US to prepare –To help aid: supplies or troops 1914: Patriotic Education 1914: Patriotic Education 1915: Gov’t setup camps to train 1915: Gov’t setup camps to train 1916: Congress ok’d an increase in armed forces 1916: Congress ok’d an increase in armed forces Peace Peace –Progressives, women, Congress

Review What was US response to the war? What was US response to the war? What did the US do to prepare for the war? What did the US do to prepare for the war?

U Boats U-boat- Unterseeboot/submarine U-boat- Unterseeboot/submarine Changed naval warfare Changed naval warfare –How? Passenger and merchant ships Passenger and merchant ships Issued no warning to their targets Issued no warning to their targets –Americans disliked

Lusitania May 7, British passenger ship May 7, British passenger ship –Carrying weapons –1,200 passengers died Media Media –Ran wild with this issue Wilson= patience Wilson= patience –Germany repay the families

Sussex Pledge Germany Germany –Still went after passenger ships w/o warning US threaten to cut off relations w. Germ. US threaten to cut off relations w. Germ. Sussex Pledge Sussex Pledge –U Boats warn ships before attacking US gives the Allies a huge loan US gives the Allies a huge loan –What does this mean?

Election of 1916 “He kept us out of war” “He kept us out of war” Wilson won a close race Wilson won a close race Germany tested Wilson Germany tested Wilson –Broke Sussex Pledge

Zimmermann Note Filibuster- Tactic where senators take the floor and talk to prevent a vote to occur Filibuster- Tactic where senators take the floor and talk to prevent a vote to occur Zimmermann Note Zimmermann Note –Germany to Mexico –Mexico and Wilson took it lightly –Inching the US towards war

Revolution Russia 1917 Russia 1917 –GETTING CRUSHED!!!!!!! –1.8 Million dead, 2.4 Mil. POWs, 2.8 mil sick or wounded –No food or supplies –March 197 Tsar is out April 6, 1917 April 6, 1917 –US declares war